Mapping of bovine pericardium to enable a standardized acquirement of material for medical implants

The present study aimed to estimate the efficiency of both a cellular bovine pericardium and bovine urinary bladder matrix sheets in the reconstruction of large ventro-lateral hernias in Iraqi bucks by using of molecular evaluation depending on real time-polymerase chain reaction technique to investigate the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor genes during the healing process and reconstruction of the abdominal defects. Under sedation and local anesthesia, (6cm X 8cm size) of ventro-lateral hernias were induced in 24 of Iraqi bucks. The animals were divided randomly into two main equal groups. In bovine pericardium-treatment group, the hernias were treated with onlay implantation of bovine pericardium. While, the hernias in UBM-treatment group were treated with onlay implantation of urinary bladder matrix, 30 days post-inducing of hernias. The molecular evaluation along the period of following-up recorded a significant up-regulation of the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor gene specific for presence of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and collagen deposition in urinary bladder matrix -treatment group in comparison to bovine pericardium -treatment group with significant difference even at the end of the study. While, a significant up regulation of the levels of angiogenesis classic gene vascular endothelial growth factor were recorded in the bucks of bovine pericardium -treatment group compared to urinary bladder matrix -treatment group. In conclusion; molecular detection of the level of growth factors in target tissue can be used as an important criterion.

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Novel Technologıes and Nanotoxıcology of Medıcal Implants

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411016999200507104128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Ramazan Akçan ◽

Halit Canberk Aydogan ◽

Mahmut Şerif Yıldırım ◽

Burak Taştekin ◽

Necdet Sağlam

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Human Body ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Medical Implants ◽

Healthcare Applications ◽

Detailed Review ◽

Novel Technologies ◽

Technological Developments

Background/aim: Use of nanomaterials in the healthcare applications increases in parallel to technological developments. It is frequently utilized in diagnostic procedures, medications and in therapeutic implementations. Nanomaterials take place among key components of medical implants, which might be responsible for certain toxic effects on human health at nano-level. In this review, nanotoxicological effects, toxicity determination of nanobiomaterials used in human body and their effects on human health are discussed. Material and Method: A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per nanomaterials and medical implants. Results and Conclusion: The nanotoxic effects of the materials applied to human body and the determination of its toxicity are important. Determination of toxicity for each nanomaterial requires a detailed and multifactorial assessment considering the properties of these materials. There are limited studies in the literature regarding the toxic effects of nanomaterials used in medical implants. Although these implants are potentially biocompatible and biodegradable, it is highly important to discuss nanotoxicological characteristics of medical implant.

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Biocompatiblibility analysis of the decellularized bovine pericardium

Cell and Organ Transplantology ◽

10.22494/cot.v8i2.110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. Sokol ◽

◽

D. Grekov ◽

G. Yemets ◽

O. Galkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Bovine Pericardium ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Group I ◽

Alternative Material ◽

Decellularized Scaffolds ◽

Group 2 ◽

Potential Use

The decellularized bovine pericardium and its potential use as a natural scaffold is a promising approach in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The reaction of the host toward decellularized scaffolds depends on their biocompatibility, which should be satisfied being before applied in clinical use. Purpose: to evaluate the biocompatibility of the extracellular matrices, which were decellularized by trypsin enzyme and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent. Material and methods. Pericardial sacs were acquired from 12-18 months’ age bulls. Tissue decellularization was performed by using 0.25 % Trypsin solution and 1 % ionic SDS for group I and 0.1 % SDS for group II samples. The implantation was performed on Wistar rats. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, Congo red and Masson's Trichrome for histological analysis. Results. In group 1 in 3 months after subcutaneous implantation in rats we noticed the inflammation in surrounding tissue and degradation of the implant. Under the same conditions in animals of group 2 implant replacement with growing immature connective tissue was noted. Bio-implant of this group did not degrade, moreover it's integrated to the tissues of experimental rats. Conclusion. Our results showed that decellularized bovine pericardium by 0.1 % SDS can become an alternative material for tissue engineering and has the potential for further use in human surgery.

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Heparin-mediated antibiotic delivery from an electrochemically-aligned collagen sheet

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering ◽

10.3233/bme-201133 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Olivia T. Cheng ◽

Andrew P. Stein ◽

Eric Babajanian ◽

Kathryn R. Hoppe ◽

Shawn Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Medical Implants ◽

Implantable Medical Devices ◽

Antibiotic Solution ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Antibiotic Release ◽

Local Antibiotic ◽

Antibiotic Delivery

BACKGROUND: Implantable medical devices and hardware are prolific in medicine, but hardware associated infections remain a major issue. OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a novel, biologic antimicrobial coating for medical implants. METHODS: Electrochemically compacted collagen sheets with and without crosslinked heparin were synthesized per protocol developed by our group. Sheets were incubated in antibiotic solution (gentamicin or moxifloxacin) overnight, and in vitro activity was assessed with five-day diffusion assays against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic release overtime from gentamicin infused sheets was determined using in vitro elution and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Collagen-heparin-antibiotic sheets demonstrated larger growth inhibition zones against P. aeruginosa compared to collagen-antibiotic alone sheets. This activity persisted for five days and was not impacted by rinsing sheets prior to evaluation. Rinsed collagen-antibiotic sheets did not show any inhibition zones. Elution of gentamicin from collagen-heparin-gentamicin sheets was slow and remained above the minimal inhibitory concentration for gentamicin sensitive organisms for 29 days. Conversely, collagen-gentamicin sheets eluted their antibiotic payload within 24 hours. Overall, heparin associated sheets demonstrated larger inhibition zones against P. aeruginosa and prolonged elution profile via HPLC. CONCLUSION: We developed a novel, local antibiotic delivery system that could be used to coat medical implants/hardware in the future and reduce post-operative infections.

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Encapsulation of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) for the Acoustic Communication between Medical Implants

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21020421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

Jorge Oevermann ◽

Peter Weber ◽

Steffen H. Tretbar

Keyword(s):

Data Security ◽

Ultrasonic Transducers ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Center Frequency ◽

Medical Implants ◽

Research Groups ◽

Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers ◽

Polyether Ether Ketone ◽

High Bandwidth ◽

Ether Ketone

The aim of this work was to extend conventional medical implants by the possibility of communication between them. For reasons of data security and transmitting distances, this communication should be realized using ultrasound, which is generated and detected by capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). These offer the advantage of an inherent high bandwidth and a high integration capability. To protect the surrounding tissue, it has to be encapsulated. In contrast to previous results of other research groups dealing with the encapsulation of CMUTs, the goal here is to integrate the CMUT into the housing of a medical implant. In this work, CMUTs were designed and fabricated for a center frequency of 2 MHz in water and experimentally tested on their characteristics for operation behind layers of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and titanium, two typical materials for the housings of medical implants. It could be shown that with silicone as a coupling layer it is possible to operate a CMUT behind the housing of an implant. Although it changes the characteristics of the CMUT, the setup is found to be well suited for communication between two transducers over a distance of at least 8 cm.

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OAM light propagation through tissue

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82033-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Netanel Biton ◽

Judy Kupferman ◽

Shlomi Arnon

Keyword(s):

Light Propagation ◽

Biological Imaging ◽

Gaussian Beams ◽

Medical Implants ◽

Optical Wireless ◽

Scattering Media ◽

Valuable Contribution ◽

Light Beams ◽

First Time ◽

Diffuse Media

AbstractA major challenge in use of the optical spectrum for communication and imaging applications is the scattering of light as it passes through diffuse media. Recent studies indicate that light beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) can penetrate deeper through diffuse media than simple Gaussian beams. To the best knowledge of the authors, in this paper we describe for the first time an experiment examining transmission of OAM beams through biological tissue with thickness of up to a few centimeters, and for OAM modes reaching up to 20. Our results indicate that OAM beams do indeed show a higher transmittance relative to Gaussian beams, and that the greater the OAM, the higher the transmittance also up to 20, Our results extend measured results to highly multi scattering media and indicate that at 2.6 cm tissue thickness for OAM of order 20, we measure nearly 30% more power in comparison to a Gaussian beam. In addition, we develop a mathematical model describing the improved permeability. This work shows that OAM beams can be a valuable contribution to optical wireless communication (OWC) for medical implants, optical biological imaging, as well as recent innovative applications of medical diagnosis.

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