A multi-criteria sustainability assessment for biodiesel and liquefied natural gas as alternative fuels in transport systems

Liberator Engine Company, LLC designs, develops and produces alternative fuel engines for vehicles around the globe. The Company’s 6.0 Liter Liberator™ gaseous fuels engine will have the ability to operate on Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas or Liquid Propane Gas: clean, domestic, economical fuels. The Liberator engine will target OEM on road vehicles, as well as off road applications. The Liberator engine is also an excellent choice for the repower of existing diesel vehicles. The 6.0L Liberator™ engine will serve as a replacement engine for vehicle currently operating on a Cummins 5.9L diesel engine or Mercedes diesel 6.0L engine. Paper published with permission.

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Reducing Pollution Levels Generated by Short Sea Shipping. Use of Bayesian Networks to Analyse the Utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel

Journal of KONES ◽

10.2478/kones-2019-0018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 147-158

Author(s):

Beatriz Molina Serrano ◽

Nicoleta González Cancelas ◽

Francisco Soler Flores

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

European Union ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

The European Union ◽

Short Sea Shipping ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Using Data

Abstract Pollution adjacent to the continent's shores has increased in the last decades, so it has been necessary to establish an energy policy to improve environmental conditions. One of the proposed solution was the search of alternative fuels to the commonly used in Short Sea Shipping to reduce pollution levels in Europe. Studies and researches show that liquefied natural gas could meet the European Union environmental requirements. Even environmental benefits are important; currently there is not significant number of vessels using it as fuel. Moreover, main target of this article is exposing result of a research in which a methodology to establish the most relevant variables in the decision to implement liquefied natural gas in Short Sea Shipping has been development using data mining. A Bayesian network was constructed because this kind of network allows to get graphically the relationships between variables and to determine posteriori values that quantify their contributions to decision-making. Bayesian model has been done using data from some European countries (European Union, Norway and Iceland) and database was generated by 35 variables classified in 5 categories. Main obtained conclusion in this analysis is that variables of transport and international trade and economy and finance are the most relevant in the decision-making process when implementing liquefied natural gas. Even more, it can be stablish that capacity of liquefied natural gas regasification terminals under construction and modal distribution of water cargo transportation continental as the most decisive variables because they are the root nodes in the obtained network.

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Autoregressive Distributed Lag model study of an alternative fuel, Liquefied Natural Gas, used on ships and its effect on the environment

Maritime Technology and Research ◽

10.33175/mtr.2021.249485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 348-364

Author(s):

Chinedum Onyemechi ◽

Charles Ochiabuto Anyadiegwu

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Maritime Industry ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

The Impact

The increase in global trade and manufacturing has caused an increase in ship transportation, from 16 % to about 90 %, of the number of goods transported internationally, and this has caused an increase in the consumption of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), which is the predominant fuel used in the maritime industry. The use of HFO not only affects the environment, but also affects the maintenance of a ship’s machinery. This work investigates the effect of an alternative fuel, Liquefied Natural Gas, on the environment and the maintenance of ship machinery. It employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to ascertain the impact of HFO consumption and natural gas consumption on the CO2 emission rate. It also reviews the works that have been done on the impact of alternative fuels on ship maintenance, the effect of HFO on the environment, and the maintenance cost periodicity of vessels. The result of the model shows that an increase in the consumption of HFO increases the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases more than when natural gas is used. Also, an increased HFO consumption increases the CO2 emission of both the current year and the next year as per the lags, whereas an increased LNG consumption reduces the CO2 emission of the current year and decreases the CO2 emission of the preceding year. The reviewed works indicate that the use of alternative fuels reduce the maintenance cost and the maintenance periodicity of a vessel. It also shows that the use of HFO affects the environment negatively.

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Skenario Konsekuensi Analisis Pengangkutan LNG Semarang-Yogyakarta Dengan Simulasi AlOHA

10.31227/osf.io/4zweg ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Didik Supriyadi

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Heat Radiation ◽

Safe Distance ◽

Exclusion Zone ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Simulation Results

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is one of the potential alternative fuels to replace conventional fuels. Using LNG as fuel in Indonesia especially Yogyakarta will give many advantages, for instance, reduced greenhouse gas emissions so that eco-city in Yogyakarta can be realized. Although LNG has many advantages, LNG still contains many hazards whether during storage or distribution, the major hazard is radiant heat. This study aims to analyze and simulate hazard scenarios when transporting LNG such as fire pools, fireballs and vapor clouds and establishing exclusion zone by Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) simulation. This study assumes that the diameter of the tank leak is 1 in and 3 in. The simulation results the exclusion zone from pool fire’s heat radiation from 1 in and 3 in leaks are more than 14 m and 39 m. While the safe distance of the fireball is 799 m. While in the distance vapor clouds that have a possibility of fire for the diameter leakage of 1 and 3 in are 21 m and 59 m.

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