Dose fractionation as a promising strategy to improve UV disinfection

The political divide is characterized by liberals and conservatives who hold strong prejudice against each other. Here we introduce one possible strategy for reducing political prejudice: political inclusion. We define political inclusion as receiving a fair chance to voice one’s opinions in a discussion of political topics with political outgroup members. This strategy may reduce political prejudice by inducing perceptions of the political outgroup as fair and respectful; however, such a strategy may also highlight conflicting attitudes and worldviews, thereby further exacerbating prejudice. In three preregistered studies (total N = 799), we test if political inclusion reduces or increases prejudice toward the political outgroup. Specifically, political inclusion was manipulated with either an imagined scenario (Study 1) or a concurrent experience in an ostensible online political discussion (Studies 2 & 3). Across all studies, participants who were politically included by political outgroup members reported reduced prejudice toward their outgroup compared to participants in a neutral control condition (Cohen’s d [-0.27, -0.50]). This effect was mediated by perceptions of the political outgroup as fairer and less dissimilar in their worldviews. Our results indicate that political discussions that are politically inclusive do not cause additional prejudice via worldview conflict, but instead give others a feeling of being heard. It is a promising strategy to reduce political prejudice.

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Yield and chlorophyll index in cabbage in function of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and urea

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/1312020997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

J. J. Frazão ◽

A. R. Silva ◽

F. H. M. Salgado ◽

R. A. Flores ◽

E. P. F. Brasil

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

N Losses ◽

N Sources ◽

Promising Strategy ◽

Applied Dose ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Chlorophyll Index ◽

Polymer Coated Urea ◽

N Rates ◽

And Control

The increase of the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization promotes reduction of the applied dose and decreases the losses of nitrogen (N) to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) in cabbage crop under cover fertilization, using enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, compared to urea, in variable doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme (three sources, four rates and control), with four replications. The N sources used were: common urea (U), urea treated with urease inhibitor NBPT® (UN) and Kimcoat® polymer coated urea (UK). The N rates used were 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1, divided in two fertilizations at 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Up to 160 kg ha-1 of N, there was no difference between N sources and N rates for both yield and RCI. The enhanced-efficiency N sources (UN and UK) promoted higher averages compared to common urea, possibly due to the higher N losses from common urea. Thus, the use of urease inhibitors or polymers associated with urea is a promising strategy to improve cabbage yield, as well as reducing N losses to the environment.

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Numerical and Experimental Characterizations of Dose Distributions in UV Disinfection Systems

Water Intelligence Online ◽

10.2166/9781843397342 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (0) ◽

pp. 9781843397342-9781843397342

Author(s):

E. Blatchley

Keyword(s):

Uv Disinfection ◽

Dose Distributions

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Chemical effects on UV irradiation absorption of fouled quartz sleeves in ultraviolet disinfection

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2008.064 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beibei Zhu Sun ◽

Ernest Blatchley ◽

Mike Oliver ◽

Cheng Zheng ◽

Kristofer Jennings

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Uv Disinfection ◽

Uv Absorbance ◽

Ultraviolet Disinfection ◽

High Chemical ◽

Chemical Surface ◽

Chemical Effects ◽

Uv Transmittance ◽

Main Effects ◽

Iron And Manganese

The effects of foulant chemical composition on ultraviolet (UV) absorbance of fouled quartz sleeves in UV disinfection systems were studied. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the effects of nine fouling chemicals on the UV transmittance changes of fouled quartz lamp sleeves. The results demonstrated that the main effects were attributable to surface concentrations of iron and manganese. The surface concentrations of calcium and copper had no significant effects on the UV absorbance of fouled sleeves. The interaction effects of copper with iron and magnesium with manganese were also revealed from the statistical analysis. The model is able to give reasonable predictions of the UV absorbance characteristics of foulants from other UV systems. However, several limitations of this model were identified. First, the model does not accurately predict the absorbance at relatively high chemical surface concentrations. Second, the model does not account for the possible effects of anions and organics on UV absorption of fouled quartz sleeves.

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Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203719666180612082432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 251-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yinlu Feng ◽

Zifei Yin ◽

Daniel Zhang ◽

Arun Srivastava ◽

Chen Ling

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Future Research ◽

The Past ◽

Promising Strategy ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Directions ◽

Gene And Cell Therapy ◽

Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

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