Structural transformations in crystals induced by radiation and pressure. Part 3. The pressure-induced structural changes versus the rate of the Norrish-Yang reaction in crystals

2016 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Konieczny ◽  
Julia Bąkowicz ◽  
Ilona Turowska-Tyrk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Pressure Part

Study of the structural degradation of steel 15Kh5M upon continuous duty

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kim ◽  
Valeriya V. Lysenko ◽  
Anna A. Afanaseva ◽  
Khasan I. Turkmenov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Structural Degradation ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Multifractal Spectra ◽  
Steel 15Kh5m ◽  
Complex Indicators

Structural degradation of the material upon long-term thermal and force impacts is a complex process which includes migration of the grain boundaries, diffusion of the active elements of the external and technological environment, hydrogen embrittlement, aging, grain boundary corrosion and other mechanisms. Application of the fractal and multifractal formalism to the description of microstructures opens up wide opportunities for quantitative assessment of the structural arrangement of the material, clarifies and reveals new aspects of the known mechanisms of structural transformations. Multifractal parameterization allows us to study the processes of structural degradation from the images of microstructures and identify structural changes that are hardly distinguishable visually. Any quantitative structural indicator can be used to calculate the multifractal spectra of the microstructure, but the most preferable is that provides the maximum range of variation in the numerical values of the multifractal components. The results of studying structural degradation of steel 15Kh5M upon continuous duty are presented. It is shown that structural degradation of steel during operation under high temperatures and stresses is accompanied by enlargement of the microstructural objects, broadening of the grain boundaries and allocation of the dispersed particles which are represented as point objects in the images. The processes of structural degradation lead to an increase in the range of changes in the components of the multifractal spectra. High values of complex indicators of structural arrangement indicate to an increase in heterogeneity and randomness at the micro-scale level, but at the same time, to manifestation of the ordered combinations of individual submicrostructures. Those structural transformations adapt the material to external impacts and provide the highest reliability and fracture resistance of the material.

scholarly journals Reversible structural transformations in supercooled liquid water from 135 to 245 K

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6510) ◽  
pp. 1490-1492
Author(s):  
Loni Kringle ◽  
Wyatt A. Thornley ◽  
Bruce D. Kay ◽  
Greg A. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Supercritical Regime ◽  
Water Films ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Full Temperature ◽  
State Configuration

A fundamental understanding of the unusual properties of water remains elusive because of the limited data at the temperatures and pressures needed to decide among competing theories. We investigated the structural transformations of transiently heated supercooled water films, which evolved for several nanoseconds per pulse during fast laser heating before quenching to 70 kelvin (K). Water’s structure relaxed from its initial configuration to a steady-state configuration before appreciable crystallization. Over the full temperature range investigated, all structural changes were reversible and reproducible by a linear combination of high- and low-temperature structural motifs. The fraction of the liquid with the high-temperature motif decreased rapidly as the temperature decreased from 245 to 190 K, consistent with the predictions of two-state “mixture” models for supercooled water in the supercritical regime.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LEAD ON STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF WISTAR RATS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ACUTE EXPERIM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Oleg Zayko ◽  
Vadim Astashov ◽  
Anna Sindireva ◽  
Karina Basnakyan ◽  
Arina Lukyanchikova
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural transformations of Wistar rats liver after oral administration of lead salts. Under the conditions of acute experiment during 5 days the Wistar rats were orally administered the lead acetate solution in the amount of 3 mg/kg. Histological studies were carried out at OSMU upon the completion of the experiment. Effect of toxic doses of lead causes symptoms of both steatosis and hydropic degeneration of the liver. It is assumed that the appearance of hepatic steatosis reflects the reaction of hepatocytes to hemic hypoxia caused by the action of lead, while the signs of hydropic degeneration expressed in varying degrees reflect its direct toxic effect.

scholarly journals Structural transformations of Russian economy in the conditions of accelerated digitalization of industrial relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mihail Mihailovich Gudov ◽  
Eka Revazievna Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this research is to determine the consequences of accelerated digitalization of industrial relations in the context of structural transformation of Russian economy, as well as substantiate the need and the possibility for structural changes namely in the current period of time. The object of this research is the current and exhausted raw mineral export model of the Russian economy, which requires immediate modification. The subject of this research consists in the study of the impact of current external shocks (abrupt drop in the price of energy resources) upon the changes in the structure of Russian economy (in the sectoral and component views). The structural reform of the Russian economy, which started back in the Soviet period, could not be fully implemented via evolutionary path.  Same as all world’s economies, the Russian economy is currently functioning in a state of uncertainty and under influence of external shocks. In the authors’ opinion, these external shocks presently force the accelerated digitalization of industrial relations, which can produce powerful structural transformations of economy, it the government will provide support for corresponding projects.

Economic effects of non-additive development of industrial enterprises: an analytical review of the process and structural transformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Kudria
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a methodological approach to assessing the effects of non-additive development (NAD) of enterprises, which takes into account the impact of economic processes on the intensification of production activities of an enterprise and its socio-economic transformation. The author analyzed the current non-additive development of enterprises in the industrial sector of the Ukrainian economy by assessing the dynamics and identifying key trends depending on the main types of industrial activity. The results of the analysis were used to identify recent structural changes in the industrial sector.

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