A direct ethylene glycol fuel cell stack as air-independent power sources for underwater and outer space applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 226944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhefei Pan ◽  
Heran Zhuang ◽  
Yanding Bi ◽  
Liang An
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack

scholarly journals New Type of Linear Magnetostrictive Motor Designed for Outer Space Applications, from Concept to End-Product

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu ◽  
Alexandru-Mihail Morega ◽  
Rareş-Andrei Chihaia ◽  
Ionel Popescu ◽  
Mihaela Morega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Rocket Engines ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Pulse Width Modulated ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
And Control

The use of the linear magnetostrictive motor (LMM) in outer space, in the absence of Earth’s gravitational field and where extreme temperatures manifest, involves innovative technical solutions that result in significant construction changes. This paper highlights these constructive changes and presents the mathematical modeling followed by the numerical simulation of different operating regimes of LMM. The novelty of the design resides in using a bias coil instead, in addition to permanent magnets, to magnetize the magnetostrictive core and pulse width modulated (PWM) power sources to control the two coils of the LMM (bias and activation). The total absorbed current is less than 2 A, which results in the reduction of Joule losses. Moreover, a PWM source is provided to power and control a set of three Peltier elements aimed at cooling the device. The experiments validate the design of the LMM, which elicits it to power and control devices that may modulate fuel injection for rocket engines or for machines used to adjust positioning on circumterrestrial orbits.

scholarly journals One Dimensional AuAg Nanostructures as Anodic Catalysts in the Ethylene Glycol Oxidation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Kehoe ◽  
Luis Romeral ◽  
Ross Lundy ◽  
Michael A. Morris ◽  
Michael G. Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Fuel Cell Technology ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Oxidation

Direct alcohol fuel cells are highly promising as efficient power sources for various mobile and portable applications. However, for the further advancement of fuel cell technology it is necessary to develop new, cost-effective Pt-free electrocatalysts that could provide efficient alcohol oxidation and also resist cross-over poisoning. Here, we report new electrocatalytic materials for ethylene glycol oxidation, which are based on AuAg linear nanostructures. We demonstrate a low temperature tunable synthesis that enables the preparation of one dimensional (1D) AuAg nanostructures ranging from nanowires to a new nano-necklace-like structure. Using a two-step method, we showed that, by aging the initial reaction mixture at various temperatures, we produced ultrathin AuAg nanowires with a diameter of 9.2 ± 2 and 3.8 ± 1.6 nm, respectively. These nanowires exhibited a high catalytic performance for the electro-oxidation of ethylene glycol with remarkable poisoning resistance. These results highlight the benefit of 1D metal alloy-based nanocatalysts for fuel cell applications and are expected to make an important contribution to the further development of fuel cell technology.

Bipolar Plates for PEMFCs

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. C. Sequeira ◽  
L. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have many advantages among the various types of fuel cells, such as high energy density, low temperature operation, near-zero pollution, and quick starting. Thereby, PEMFCs have been considered as the most promising alternative power sources in the transportation and stationary fields. Among the components of PEMFCs, the bipolar plates are the most representative regarding cost and volume, however, they have relevant functions on the fuel cell stack. There are about 500 bipolar plates in a PEMFC for a typical passenger car and, thus, the commercialization of the fuel cell technology becomes quite challenging. Important key aspects for a successful fuel cell stack are the design and the manufacturing process of the bipolar plate. For efficient mass production, the cycle time of the process is even more important than the material costs. It is, therefore, very important that the used material is appropriate for a fast manufacturing process. Recent developments are overcoming these issues, leading to improvements on the overall fuel cell performance and durability.

Development of a Proof-of-Concept Series-Hybrid Vehicle Utilizing Multiple Power Sources

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Strahs ◽  
Luis Breziner ◽  
Jordan Weaver ◽  
Christophe Garant ◽  
Georgiy Diloyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Multiple Power

The demand for fuel efficient vehicles is on the rise with higher costs of gasoline and increasing environmental concerns. To address these issues, a hybrid vehicle with the capability of running on multiple power sources has been developed. A 2000 Audi TT was converted to an AC electric vehicle with range extended capabilities provided by a small internal combustion engine and a hydrogen PEM fuel cell stack. This allows the vehicle to bridge the gap between the current gasoline based economy and a possible hydrogen based economy in the future. Using the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) standard city and highway driving tests, the vehicle has a theoretical increase in fuel economy from 20/29 miles per gallon (MPG) respectively to 230/173 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGGE).

Development of an Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cell Stack

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1987-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Cremers ◽  
André Niedergesäß ◽  
Florina Jung ◽  
Dominik Müller ◽  
Jens Tübke
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A Model for the Freeze Start Behavior of a PEM Fuel Cell Stack

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mangold ◽  
Silvia Piewek ◽  
Olaf Klein ◽  
Achim Kienle
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A simple model for the start-up of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is proposed. The model covers a wide temperature range from temperatures below the freezing point of water to usual operation temperatures of a low-temperature fuel cell. Model equations are derived from first principles. They account for the effects of ice and liquid water on the stack behavior. The model is validated by experimental data published by Schießwohl [2009, “Experimental Investigation of Parameters Influencing the Freeze Start Ability of a Fuel Cell System,” J. Power Sources, 193(1), pp. 107–115.], and a good qualitative agreement is found. The applicability of the model to problems of operation strategies and stack design is demonstrated by simulation studies.

Enclosure/Open Cathode Fuel Cell Mathematical Model for Analyzing System Performance Under Arctic Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Miller ◽  
Marc Secanell
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Membrane Electrode Assembly ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) provide the option of a remote power source with high efficiency and minimal green-house gases, NOx, SOx and particulate matter. To protect the PEFC stack from the environment in which remote power sources are required, an actively controlled enclosure to provide optimal temperature and relative humidity to the open-air cathode PEFC stack is studied. A mathematical model of a transient, non-isothermal, lumped parameter, open-cathode fuel cell stack is developed and coupled with an enclosure model. The open-cathode fuel cell stack mathematical model includes characterization of the cathode channel, the anode channel and the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The transient mass and energy transport equations for the coupled system are solved to determine the optimal operating conditions for the PEFC stack within the enclosure.

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