Geochemical constraints on the origin and distribution of Cretaceous source rocks in the Ceará basin, Brazilian Equatorial margin

Tectonic activity in an area could result in various impacts such as changes in elevation, level of slope percentages, river flow patterns and systems, and the formation of geological structures both locally and regionally, which will form a new landscape. The tectonic activity also affects the stratigraphic sequences of the area. Therefore, it is necessary to study morphotectonic or landscape forms that are influenced by active tectonic activities, both those occur recently and in the past. These geological results help provide information of the potential of natural resources in and around Tanjung Bungo area. Morphological data are based on three main aspects including morphogenesis, morphometry, and morphography. The data are collected in two ways, the first is field survey by directly observing and taking field data such as measuring geological structures, rock positions, and outcrop profiles. The second way is to interpret them through Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and aerial photographs by analyzing river flow patterns and lineament analysis. The field measurement data are processed using WinTensor, Dips, and SedLog Software. The supporting data such as Topographic Maps, Morphological Elevation Maps, Slope Maps, Flow Pattern Maps, and Lineament Maps are based on DEM data and are processed using ArcGis Software 10.6.1 and PCI Geomatica. Morphotectonically, the Tanjung Bungo area is at a moderate to high-class level of tectonic activity taken place actively resulted in several joints, faults, and folds. The formation of geological structures has affected the morphological conditions of the area as seen from the development of steep slopes, structural flow patterns such as radial, rectangular, and dendritic, as well as illustrated by rough surface relief in Tanjung Bungo area. This area has the potential for oil and gas resources as indicated by the Telisa Formation, consisting of calcareous silts rich in planktonic and benthonic fossils, which may be source rocks and its contact with the Menggala Formation which is braided river system deposits that could be good reservoirs. Further research needs to be done since current research is only an interpretation of surface data. Current natural resources being exploited in Tanjung Bungo region are coals. The coals have thicknesses of 5-7 cm and are classified as bituminous coals.

Download Full-text

Oil to Source Rock Correlation Using Biomarker Data Through Pattern Matching and Fingerprinting Analysis in “Kitkat” Field, Jabung Block, South Sumatra Basin

Proc. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Digital Technical Conference, 2020 ◽

10.29118/ipa20-sg-251 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

S., R. Muthasyabiha

Keyword(s):

Pattern Matching ◽

Source Rock ◽

Vitrinite Reflectance ◽

Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Maturity Level ◽

Fingerprinting Analysis ◽

Kerogen Type ◽

Oil Characteristics ◽

Biomarker Data

Geochemical analysis is necessary to enable the optimization of hydrocarbon exploration. In this research, it is used to determine the oil characteristics and the type of source rock candidates that produces hydrocarbon in the “KITKAT” Field and also to understand the quality, quantity and maturity of proven source rocks. The evaluation of source rock was obtained from Rock-Eval Pyrolysis (REP) to determine the hydrocarbon type and analysis of the value of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was performed to know the quantity of its organic content. Analysis of Tmax value and Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) was also performed to know the maturity level of the source rock samples. Then the oil characteristics such as the depositional environment of source rock candidate and where the oil sample develops were obtained from pattern matching and fingerprinting analysis of Biomarker data GC/GCMS. Moreover, these data are used to know the correlation of oil to source rock. The result of source rock evaluation shows that the Talangakar Formation (TAF) has all these parameters as a source rock. Organic material from Upper Talangakar Formation (UTAF) comes from kerogen type II/III that is capable of producing oil and gas (Espitalie, 1985) and Lower Talangakar Formation (LTAF) comes from kerogen type III that is capable of producing gas. All intervals of TAF have a quantity value from very good–excellent considerable from the amount of TOC > 1% (Peters and Cassa, 1994). Source rock maturity level (Ro > 0.6) in UTAF is mature–late mature and LTAF is late mature–over mature (Peters and Cassa, 1994). Source rock from UTAF has deposited in the transition environment, and source rock from LTAF has deposited in the terrestrial environment. The correlation of oil to source rock shows that oil sample is positively correlated with the UTAF.

Download Full-text

Porphyrins in extracts as indicators of maturity and depositional environment of tertiary source rocks from Central Sumatra

10.29118/ipa.655.621.635 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

P. Sundararaman

Keyword(s):

Depositional Environment ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Central Sumatra

Download Full-text

THE PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE CONTENT OF KEROGEN IN THE OIL AND GAS SOURCE ROCKS

Geology Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields ◽

10.30713/2413-5011-2019-11(335)-69-74 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

N.I. Samokhvalov ◽

◽

K.V. Kovalenko ◽

N.A. Skibitskaya ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Gas Source

Download Full-text

Burial History Reconstruction of the Appalachian Basin in Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York, Using 1D Petroleum System Models

The Mountain Geologist ◽

10.31582/rmag.mg.56.4.365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 365-396

Author(s):

Debra Higley ◽

Catherine Enomoto

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Vitrinite Reflectance ◽

Structural Complexity ◽

Appalachian Basin ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Burial History ◽

Gas Generation ◽

Deep Basin ◽

Utica Shale ◽

Wet Gas

Nine 1D burial history models were built across the Appalachian basin to reconstruct the burial, erosional, and thermal maturation histories of contained petroleum source rocks. Models were calibrated to measured downhole temperatures, and to vitrinite reflectance (% Ro) data for Devonian through Pennsylvanian source rocks. The highest levels of thermal maturity in petroleum source rocks are within and proximal to the Rome trough in the deep basin, which are also within the confluence of increased structural complexity and associated faulting, overpressured Devonian shales, and thick intervals of salt in the underlying Silurian Salina Group. Models incorporate minor erosion from 260 to 140 million years ago (Ma) that allows for extended burial and heating of underlying strata. Two modeled times of increased erosion, from 140 to 90 Ma and 23 to 5.3 Ma, are followed by lesser erosion from 5.3 Ma to Present. Absent strata are mainly Permian shales and sandstone; thickness of these removed layers increased from about 6200 ft (1890 m) west of the Rome trough to as much as 9650 ft (2940 m) within the trough. The onset of oil generation based on 0.6% Ro ranges from 387 to 306 Ma for the Utica Shale, and 359 to 282 Ma for Middle Devonian to basal Mississippian shales. The ~1.2% Ro onset of wet gas generation ranges from 360 to 281 Ma in the Utica Shale, and 298 to 150 Ma for Devonian to lowermost Mississippian shales.

Download Full-text

Stratigraphic Intervals for Oil and Tar Sand Deposits in the Uinta Basin, Utah

The Mountain Geologist ◽

10.31582/rmag.mg.54.4.227 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 227-264

Author(s):

Ronald Johnson ◽

Justin Birdwell ◽

Paul Lillis

Keyword(s):

Brackish Water ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Uinta Basin ◽

Green River ◽

Reservoir Rocks ◽

Stratigraphic Framework ◽

Two Samples ◽

The Rich ◽

And Migration ◽

Almost All

To better understand oil and bitumen generation and migration in the Paleogene lacustrine source rocks of the Uinta Basin, Utah, analyses of 182 oil samples and tar-impregnated intervals from 82 core holes were incorporated into a well-established stratigraphic framework for the basin. The oil samples are from the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program Geochemistry Laboratory Database; the tar-impregnated intervals are from core holes drilled at the Sunnyside and P.R. Spring-Hill Creek tar sands deposits. The stratigraphic framework includes transgressive and regressive phases of the early freshwater to near freshwater lacustrine interval of Lake Uinta and the rich and lean zone architecture developed for the later brackish-to-hypersaline stages of the lake. Two types of lacustrine-sourced oil are currently recognized in the Uinta Basin: (1) Green River A oils, with high wax and low β-carotane contents thought to be generated by source rocks in the fresh-to-brackish water lacustrine interval, and (2) much less common Green River B oils, an immature asphaltic oil with high β-carotane content thought to be generated by marginally mature to mature source rocks in the hypersaline lacustrine interval. Almost all oil samples from reservoir rocks in the fresh-to-brackish water interval are Green River A oils; however four samples of Green River A oils were present in the hypersaline interval, which likely indicates vertical migration. In addition, two samples of Green River B oil are from intervals that were assumed to contain only Green River A oil. Tar sand at the P.R. Spring-Hill Creek deposit are restricted to marginal lacustrine and fluvial sandstones deposited during the hypersaline phase of Lake Uinta, suggesting a genetic relationship to Green River B oils. Tar sand at the Sunnyside deposit, in contrast, occur in marginal lacustrine and alluvial sandstones deposited from the early fresh to nearly freshwater phase of Lake Uinta through the hypersaline phase. The Sunnyside deposit occurs in an area with structural dips that range from 7 to 14 degrees, and it is possible that some tar migrated stratigraphically down section.

Download Full-text