scholarly journals Effects of resistance training combined with moderate-intensity endurance or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine D. Currie ◽  
Kaitlyn J. Bailey ◽  
Mary E. Jung ◽  
Robert S. McKelvie ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Intensity Interval

scholarly journals Effects of acute and chronic low-volume high-intensity interval exercise on cardiovascular health in patients with coronary artery disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine D. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The merits of low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (HIT) have been established in healthy populations; however, no studies have examined this exercise prescription in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The present thesis examined the acute and chronic effects of HIT in patients with CAD. The first study demonstrated transient improvements in brachial artery endothelial-dependent function, which was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) 60 min following a single bout of either HIT or moderate-intensity endurance exercise (END) in habitually active patients. The second study demonstrated no effects of training status on the acute endothelial responses to exercise; following 12-weeks of either HIT or END training. However, there was a significant reduction in endothelial-independent function immediately postexercise, at both pre- and post-training, which requires further examination. The third study demonstrated comparable increases in fitness and resting FMD following 12-weeks of END and HIT, lending support to the notion that favourable adaptations are obtainable with a smaller volume of exercise. Finally, the fourth study demonstrated no change in heart rate recovery following 12-weeks of END and HIT. However, pre-training heart rate recovery values reported by our sample were in a low risk range, which suggests training induced improvements may only be achievable in populations with attenuated pre-training values. The results of this thesis provide preliminary evidence that supports the use of HIT in patients with CAD. The findings of favourable transient and chronic improvements following HIT are notable, especially given that the HIT protocol involves less time and work than END, which was modelled after the current exercise prescription in cardiac rehabilitation. Further investigations are necessary, including the assessment of additional physiological indices; the feasibility and adherence to HIT; the inclusion of CAD populations with comorbidities, including heart failure and diabetes; as well as other forms of HIT training, including HIT combined with resistance training.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Analysis of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors in 1,508 Indian Adults Stratified by Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Sunil S. Thanvi ◽  
Sunil K. Karna ◽  
Utsav B Patel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Gender

BACKGROUND Routine screening of healthy individuals for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors is important for identification of high-risk coronary artery disease (CAD) patients at early stage and to provide preventive care. Considering the high burden of CAD, such investigations are of significant importance in Indian context. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, adult individuals (18 – 68 years) were evaluated for pre-existing diseases, lipid profile, blood glucose profile, thyroid profile, haemoglobin (Hb) and vitamins D3 and B12 levels after obtaining informed consent. These variables were compared between patients stratified based on their gender and age (< 40, 40 – 60, > 60 years). RESULTS A total of 1,508 participants (mean age: 49 ± 11 years; 49.9 % females) were investigated. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, anaemia, vitamin D3 and B12 deficiencies, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism were observed in 31.2 %, 26.5 %, 32.0 %, 8.6 %, 35.3 %, 25.1 %, 21.0 % and 0.6 % of patients respectively. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia increased with ageing, while deficiencies of Hb, vitamin D3, and vitamin B12 as well as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were comparable across all age groups. Males were more prone to hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia, while females were more prone to have Hb deficiency, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood sugar (FBS), vitamin D3, and vitamin B12 were elevated with increase in age, while Hb levels decreased. Males exhibited higher levels of TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC / HDL, LDL / HDL, FBS, and Hb, while females displayed higher levels of vitamin D3 and B12. CONCLUSIONS Our findings verify the role of age and gender on majority of cardiovascular risk factors. The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is alarming and demands the need for appropriate health-care measures. KEYWORDS Age, Coronary Artery Disease, Gender, Risk Factor

Effects of a single session of high-intensity interval exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on biochemical cardiovascular risk factors in obese males

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh ◽  
Victor Araújo Ferreira Matos ◽  
Daniel Costa de Souza ◽  
Victor Oliveira Albuquerque dos Santos ◽  
Cristiane da Silva Ramos Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract 6133: Microvascular Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Patients without Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Recio-Mayoral ◽  
Justin C Mason ◽  
Juan C Kaski ◽  
Michael B Rubens ◽  
Olivier A Harari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Early Marker ◽  
Artery Disease

Premature coronary atherosclerosis, which is actually seen as an active inflammatory process, is an established complication of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that exposure to chronic inflammation, even in the absence of classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), could result in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), an early marker of coronary atherosclerosis. By means of positron emission tomography in combination with oxygen-15 labeled water, myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured at rest and during iv adenosine infusion (140 μg/kg/min) in 13 SLE and 12 RA patients (mean [±SD] age 44±10 years) without CVRF. All patients underwent coronary angiography using multi-slice (64 slices) computed tomography and only those with none or trivial coronary artery disease (<30% luminal stenosis) were included. A group of 25 age- and gender-matched controls were also studied. There were no differences between patients and controls regarding body-mass index, blood pressure and lipid parameters. RA and SLE patients showed similar mean disease duration (16±11 and 11±7 years, respectively; p=0.12). Resting MBF was similar in patients and controls (1.25±0.27 vs 1.15±0.24 ml/min/g, p=0.15). However, during adenosine stress patients had lower MBF compared with controls (2.94±0.83 vs 4.11±0.84 ml/min/g, p<0.001). As result, coronary flow reserve (CFR; adenosine/resting MBF) was significantly reduced in patients (2.44±0.78) compared with controls (3.81±1.07; p<0.001). Seven patients showed ischemic electrocardiographic changes during adenosine and had a more severe reduction in CFR (1.76±0.81) and more years of disease (21±7 years) compared with those patients without ischemic changes (CFR 2.49±0.54; p=0.006; duration of disease 14±5 years; p=0.03). CFR was inversely correlated with years of disease (r=−0.65, p<0.001), but not with corticosteroid cumulative dose (r=0.20, p=0.39). Chronic inflammation in the absence of traditional CVRF is characterized by severe CMD. This may represent an early marker of disease which precedes and contributes to premature coronary artery disease in patients with RA and SLE.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors in lower-extremity peripheral artery disease versus coronary artery disease: an analysis of 1,121,359 cases from the nationwide databases

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuyoshi Takahara ◽  
◽  
Osamu Iida ◽  
Shun Kohsaka ◽  
Yoshimitsu Soga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (LE-PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are both pathologically rooted in atherosclerosis, and their shared clinical features regarding the exposure to cardiovascular risk factors have been emphasized. However, comparative data of the two cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were so far lacking. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the clinical profile between cases undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT) for LE-PAD and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Data were extracted from the nationwide procedural databases of EVT and PCI in Japan (J-EVT and J-PCI) between 2012 and 2017. A total of 1,121,359 cases (103,887 EVT cases for critical limb ischemia [CLI] or intermittent claudication and 1,017,472 PCI cases for acute coronary syndrome [ACS] or stable angina) were analyzed. Heterogeneity in clinical profile between CVDs was evaluated using the C statistic of the logistic regression model for which dependent variable was one CVD versus another, and explanatory variables were clinical profile. When two CVDs were completely discriminated from each other by the developed model, the C statistic (discrimination ability) of the model would be equal to 1, indicating that the two CVDs were completely different in clinical profile. On the other hand, when two CVDs were identical in clinical profile, the developed model would not discriminate them at all, with the C statistic equal to 0.5. Results Mean age was 73.5 ± 9.3 years in LE-PAD patients versus 70.0 ± 11.2 years in CAD patients (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease was 1.96- and 6.39-times higher in LE-PAD patients than in CAD patients (both P < 0.001). The higher prevalence was observed irrespective of age group. The exposure to other cardiovascular risk factors and the likelihood of cardiovascular risk clustering also varied between the diseases. The between-disease heterogeneity in patient profile was particularly evident between CLI and ACS, with the C statistic equal to 0.833 (95% CI 0.831–0.836). Conclusions The current study, an analysis based on nationwide procedural databases, confirmed that patient profiles were not identical but rather considerably different between clinically significant LE-PAD and CAD warranting revascularization.

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