The Health Economic Impact of Coffee Consumption on Prevention of Chronic Disease and Cancer in the United States

Background: Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) refers to the wide range of air pollutants emitted by traffic that are dispersed into the ambient air. Emerging evidence shows that TRAP can increase asthma incidence in children. Living with asthma can carry a huge financial burden for individuals and families due to direct and indirect medical expenses, which can include costs of hospitalization, medical visits, medication, missed school days, and loss of wages from missed workdays for caregivers. Objective: The objective of this paper is to estimate the economic impact of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common traffic-related air pollutant in urban areas, in the United States at the state level. Methods: We calculate the direct and indirect costs of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to NO2 using previously published burden of disease estimates and per person asthma cost estimates. By multiplying the per person indirect and direct costs for each state with the NO2-attributable asthma incident cases in each state, we were able to estimate the total cost of childhood asthma cases attributable to NO2 in the United States. Results: The cost calculation estimates the total direct and indirect annual cost of childhood asthma cases attributable to NO2 in the year 2010 to be $178,900,138.989 (95% CI: $101,019,728.20–$256,980,126.65). The state with the highest cost burden is California with $24,501,859.84 (95% CI: $10,020,182.62–$38,982,261.250), and the state with the lowest cost burden is Montana with $88,880.12 (95% CI: $33,491.06–$144,269.18). Conclusion: This study estimates the annual costs of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to NO2 and demonstrates the importance of conducting economic impacts studies of TRAP. It is important for policy-making institutions to focus on this problem by advocating and supporting more studies on TRAP’s impact on the national economy and health, including these economic impact estimates in the decision-making process, and devising mitigation strategies to reduce TRAP and the population’s exposure.

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Patterns and correlates of mis-implementation in state chronic disease public health practice in the United States

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10101-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Margaret M. Padek ◽

Stephanie Mazzucca ◽

Peg Allen ◽

Emily Rodriguez Weno ◽

Edward Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Decision Making ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Public Health Practice ◽

State Level ◽

The United States ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Effective Programs

Abstract Background Much of the disease burden in the United States is preventable through application of existing knowledge. State-level public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies related to chronic disease, but the extent to which mis-implementation occurring with these programs is largely unknown. Mis-implementation refers to ending effective programs and policies prematurely or continuing ineffective ones. Methods A 2018 comprehensive survey assessing the extent of mis-implementation and multi-level influences on mis-implementation was reported by state health departments (SHDs). Questions were developed from previous literature. Surveys were emailed to randomly selected SHD employees across the Unites States. Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess factors in mis-implementation. Results Half (50.7%) of respondents were chronic disease program managers or unit directors. Forty nine percent reported that programs their SHD oversees sometimes, often or always continued ineffective programs. Over 50% also reported that their SHD sometimes or often ended effective programs. The data suggest the strongest correlates and predictors of mis-implementation were at the organizational level. For example, the number of organizational layers impeded decision-making was significant for both continuing ineffective programs (OR=4.70; 95% CI=2.20, 10.04) and ending effective programs (OR=3.23; 95% CI=1.61, 7.40). Conclusion The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes.

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Dissemination of Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) Programs in the United States: Intervention Delivery by Rurality

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph14060638 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 638 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Matthew Smith ◽

Samuel Towne ◽

Angelica Herrera-Venson ◽

Kathleen Cameron ◽

Kristie Kulinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Management Education ◽

The United States ◽

Self Management ◽

Intervention Delivery ◽

United States Intervention

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Economic Impact from Unrestricted Spread of Potato Cyst Nematodes in Australia

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-99-12-1387 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 1387-1393 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Hodda ◽

D. C. Cook

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Annual Cost ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Alternative Responses

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) (Globodera spp.) are quarantine pests with serious potential economic consequences. Recent new detections in Australia, Canada, and the United States have focussed attention on the consequences of spread and economic justifications for alternative responses. Here, a full assessment of the economic impact of PCN spread from a small initial incursion is presented. Models linking spread, population growth, and economic impact are combined to estimate costs of spread without restriction in Australia. Because the characteristics of the Australian PCN populations are currently unknown, the known ranges of parameters were used to obtain cost scenarios, an approach which makes the model predictions applicable generally. Our analysis indicates that mean annual costs associated with spread of PCN would increase rapidly initially, associated with increased testing. Costs would then increase more slowly to peak at over AUD$20 million per year ≈10 years into the future. Afterward, this annual cost would decrease slightly due to discounting factors. Mean annual costs over 20 years were $18.7 million, with a 90% confidence interval between AUD$11.9 million and AUD$27.0 million. Thus, cumulative losses to Australian agriculture over 20 years may exceed $370 million without action to prevent spread of PCN and entry to new areas.

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Volunteers: An Effective Medium for Delivering Therapeutic Lifestyle Interventions

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/08901171211062581 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089011712110625

Author(s):

Lillian M. Kent ◽

Paul M. Rankin ◽

Darren P. Morton ◽

Rebekah M. Rankin ◽

Roger L. Greenlaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

The United States ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Blood Lipid Profile

Purpose Lifestyle modification programs have been shown to effectively treat chronic disease. The Coronary Health Improvement Program has been delivered by both paid professional and unpaid volunteer facilitators. This study compared participant outcomes of each mode in the United States. Design Pre-/post-analysis of CHIP interventions delivered between 1999 and 2012. Setting Professional-delivered programs in Rockford Illinois 1999-2004 and volunteer-delivered programs across North America 2005-2012. Subjects Adults ≥21 years (professional programs N = 3158 34.3% men, mean age = 54.0 ± 11.4 years; volunteer programs N = 7115 33.4% men, mean age = 57.4 ± 13.0 years). Measures Body mass index, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein), and fasting plasma glucose. Analysis Analysis of Covariance, with adjustment for age, gender, BMI change and baseline biometric and effect sizes. Results The professional-delivered programs achieved significantly greater reductions in BMI (.4%, P < .001) and HDL (1.9%, P < .001) and the volunteer-delivered programs achieved greater reductions in SBP (1.4%, P < .001), DBP (1.1%, P < .001), TC (1.4%, P = .004), LDL (2.3%, P < .001), TG (4.0%, P = .006), and FPG (2.7%, P < .001). However, the effect size differences between the groups were minimal (Cohen’s d .1-.2). Conclusions Lifestyle modification programs have been shown to effectively treat chronic disease. The Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) lifestyle intervention has been delivered by both paid professional and unpaid volunteer facilitators. This study compared selected chronic disease biometric outcomes of participants in each mode in the United States. It found volunteer-delivered programs do not appear to be any less effective than programs delivered by paid professionals, which is noteworthy as volunteers may provide important social capital in the combat of chronic disease.

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Dropping out of school and chronic disease in the United States

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s10389-014-0615-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Michael G. Vaughn ◽

Christopher P. Salas-Wright ◽

Brandy R. Maynard

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

The United States ◽

Dropping Out ◽

Out Of School

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Patterns and Correlates of Mis-implementation in State Chronic Disease Public Health Practice in the United States

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32392/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margaret Padek ◽

Stephanie Mazzucca ◽

Peg Allen ◽

Emily Rodriguez Weno ◽

Edward Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Decision Making ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Public Health Practice ◽

State Level ◽

The United States ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Effective Programs

Abstract Background: Much of the disease burden in the United States is preventable through application of existing knowledge. State-level public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies related to chronic disease, but the extent to which mis-implementation occurring with these programs is largely unknown. Mis-implementation refers to ending effective programs and policies prematurely or continuing ineffective ones. Methods: A 2018 comprehensive survey assessing the extent of mis-implementation and multi-level influences on mis-implementation was reported by state health departments (SHDs). Questions were developed from previous literature. Surveys were emailed to randomly selected SHD employees across the Unites States. Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess factors in mis-implementation. Results: Half (50.7%) of respondents were chronic disease program managers or unit directors. Forty nine percent reported that programs their SHD oversees sometimes, often or always continued ineffective programs. Over 50% also reported that their SHD sometimes or often ended effective programs. The data suggest the strongest correlates and predictors of mis-implementation were at the organizational level. For example, the number of organizational layers impeded decision-making was significant for both continuing ineffective programs (OR=4.70; 95% CI=2.20, 10.04) and ending effective programs (OR=3.23; 95% CI=1.61, 7.40). Conclusion: The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes.

Download Full-text