scholarly journals The Use of Propensity Score Matching Does Not Protect Against Regression Artifacts (Regression Towards The Mean)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. A721
Author(s):  
C Caron ◽  
T Wasser ◽  
D Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Towards The Mean

scholarly journals Outcomes of transported and in-house patients on extracorporeal life support: a propensity score-matching study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heemoon Lee ◽  
Kiick Sung ◽  
Gee Young Suh ◽  
Chi Ryang Chung ◽  
Jeong Hoon Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract OBJECTIVES Patients on extracorporeal life support (ECLS), like other critically ill patients, are transported to other institutions for various reasons. However, little has been reported concerning the characteristics and clinical outcomes of transported patients compared with those of in-house patients. METHODS A total of 281 adult patients received ECLS between January 2014 and August 2016. Patients who underwent cannulation at another institution by our team were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 groups: transported group (N = 46) and in-house group (N = 235). All 46 patients were safely transported without serious adverse events. The mean travel distance was 206±140 km, with a mean travel time of 78 ± 57 min. Following propensity score matching, 44 transported patients were matched to 148 in-house patients. RESULTS In the matched population, the mean age was 48 ± 13 years in the transported group and 49 ± 17 years in the in-house group (P = 0.70). The ECLS type (venoarterial/venovenous) comprised 35/9 (79.5/20.5%) in the transported group and 119/29 (80.4/19.6%) in the in-house group (P = 0.93). Seventeen (38.6%) extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitations were performed in the transported group and 59 (39.9%) were performed in the in-house group (P = 0.91). The incidence of limb ischaemia and acute kidney injury was higher in the transported group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively). However, the rate of survival to discharge did not differ between the groups (63.6% in the transported group vs 64.2% in the in-house group, P = 0.94) and there was no difference in overall mortality (P = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Although transported patients had more complications than in-house ECLS patients, clinical outcomes were comparable in the matched population. Transporting ECLS patients to an experienced centre may be justified based on our experience.

scholarly journals Impacts of Soil and Water Management Measures on Crop Production and Farm Income of Rural Households in the Damota Area Districts, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mamush Masha ◽  
Teshome Yirgu ◽  
Mulugeta Debele
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil And Water

Improving crop productivity and farm income of rural households and ensuring food security through soil and water conservation (SWC) measures are one of the integral parts of sustainable livelihood approaches. The study aims to assess the impact of soil and water conservation measures on improving the rural livelihoods, which is measured in terms of annual crop production and farm income of rural households in the Damota area districts. The data was collected from 378 households (209 adopters and 169 nonadopters of SWC measures) using survey questionnaires, which were randomly chosen by using multistage sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics with propensity score matching (PSM) method were used to analyze the collected data. The propensity score matching method was used to assess the impacts of soil and water conservation measures by controlling unobserved heterogeneity and were matched with balanced observable characteristics. The result showed that the mean value of wheat production of adopter households was higher (654 kilograms per hectare) than that of nonadopters (496 kilograms per hectare). Similarly, the mean values of farm income of adopter households were higher (17372.67 Ethiopian Birr per year) than those of nonadopter households (13883.22 Ethiopian Birr per year). The result indicated that both crop production and annual farm income were more pronounced when farmers implemented sustainable soil and water conservation measures on their farming lands. This suggests that all rural households need to focus on the large-scale adoption, integration, and maintenances of damaged structures for better agricultural outcomes.

Abstract WP114: Effect of Prestroke Aspirin on Infarct Volume

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosang Yoon ◽  
Wi-Sun Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Aspirin User ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting

Objective: To investigate if prestroke aspirin use affects infarct volume, generally and by subtype. Background: Prestroke aspirin use may reduce initial stroke severity and improve functional outcome at discharge, especially in the large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke. We investigated whether prestroke aspirin use is associated with infarct volume and the effect of prestroke aspirin on infarct volume is different between LAA versus non-LAA strokes. Methods: A total of 4427 patients were included. The association between infarct volume on DWI and prior aspirin use was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. To adjust a significant imbalance between aspirin users vs. non-aspirin users, the augmented inverse-probability weighting (AIPW) and propensity score matching were used. Results: Mean age was 67.7(SD 12.4) years and 58.7% were male. 19.6% (n=869) took aspirin before stroke. Prestroke aspirin had an inverse relation with log-infarct volume (P = 0.007) and the effect was significantly modified by LAA versus non-LAA strokes (P for interaction = 0.02). In LAA stroke (n=2336), prestroke aspirin use was independently associated with log-infarct volume (standardized beta = -0.047; P = 0.032). In non-LAA stroke (n=2091), prestroke aspirin was not associated with infarct volume (P = 0.27). Using AIPW and propensity score matching, the mean difference of log-infarct volume between prestroke aspirin user versus non-aspirin uses was -0.28 (95% CI -0.52 to -0.04, P = 0.009) and -0.39 (95% CI -0.67 to -0.11, P = 0.02) in LAA strokes. In non-LAA strokes, AIPW and propensity score matching showed that prestroke aspirin use was not associated with infarct volume (P = 0.27 and P = 0.85, respectively). Conclusions: Our results showed that prestroke aspirin use is negatively associated with initial infarct volume on DWI in LAA strokes but not in non-LAA strokes.

Maximum entropy in the mean methods in propensity score matching for interval and noisy data

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (18) ◽  
pp. 4581-4597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura H. Gunn ◽  
Henryk Gzyl ◽  
Enrique ter Horst ◽  
Miller Janny Ariza ◽  
German Molina
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Noisy Data ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Well-Being without a Roof: Examining Well-Being among Unhoused Individuals Using Mixed Methods and Propensity Score Matching

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Naina J Ahuja ◽  
Allison Nguyen ◽  
Sandra J Winter ◽  
Mark Freeman ◽  
Robert Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Spirituality And Religion ◽  
The Mean

The morbidity and mortality experiences of people who are unhoused have been well-described, but much less is known about the overall well-being of these individuals. In this mixed methods study, housed and unhoused participants completed a multi-faceted 10 domain measure of well-being (the Stanford WELL Survey), and a subset of unhoused participants shared their experiences during qualitative interviews. Using propensity score matching, unhoused participants (n = 51) were matched at a ratio of 1:5 with housed participants (n = 255). The mean overall well-being score of the unhoused participants was significantly lower than that of the matched housed participants (B = −5.022, p = 0.013). Additionally, the two groups differed on some of the constituent domains of well-being, with unhoused participants reporting statistically significantly lower mean scores on social connectedness (B = −1.086, p = 0.000), lifestyle and daily practices (B = −1.219, p = 0.000), stress and resilience (B = −0.493, p = 0.023), experience of emotions (B = −0.632, p = 0.009), physical health (B = −0.944, p = 0.0001), and finances (B = −3.099, p = 0.000). The unhoused participants had a statistically significantly higher mean score for spirituality and religiosity (B = 2.401, p = 0.000) than their matched housed counterparts. The qualitative interviews further highlighted spirituality and religion as a coping mechanism for the unhoused. The results of this study highlight both unexpected strengths exhibited by the unhoused individuals and areas of challenge.

Nephrotoxicity of teicoplanin-based combination therapy: focus on piperacillin/tazobactam and other anti-pseudomonal β-lactams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsun Tai ◽  
Chi-Hao Shao ◽  
Chi-Chuan Wang ◽  
Fang-Ju Lin ◽  
Jann-Tay Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotic ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Baseline Renal Function

Abstract Background The concurrent use of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with vancomycin use with other anti-pseudomonal β-lactams (OAPBs). Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic with lower nephrotoxicity than that of vancomycin. Whether the concomitant use of teicoplanin and piperacillin/tazobactam also increases the risk of AKI remains unknown. Objectives To evaluate the AKI risk between teicoplanin–piperacillin/tazobactam and teicoplanin–OAPBs. Methods This was a retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study. Adult patients receiving teicoplanin-based combination therapy were included. OAPBs included cefepime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime, doripenem, imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem. Propensity score matching was performed to balance demographic and confounding factors. The primary endpoint was AKI during combination therapy. Results After propensity score matching, 954 patients (teicoplanin–piperacillin/tazobactam: teicoplanin–OAPBs, 1:3 matched, 243 pairs in total) were included for analysis. The mean age was 66.3 years in the matched cohort and 17.1% of patients had shock. Use of nephrotoxic medications (45.7% versus 48.7%) and baseline renal function (78.88 ± 31.26 versus 81.05 ± 31.53 mL/min/1.73 m2) were similar in the two groups. The median teicoplanin dose was 10.7 mg/kg in both groups. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of AKI risk (14.8% versus 14.2%, P = 0.815). However, the time to AKI appeared shorter in the teicoplanin–piperacillin/tazobactam group (4.64 ± 2.33 versus 6.29 ± 4.72 days, P = 0.039). Conclusions The combination of teicoplanin and piperacillin/tazobactam was not associated with an increased risk of AKI compared with teicoplanin and OAPBs.

scholarly journals The impact on renal function after long-term use of anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chieh Lee ◽  
Pai-Wei Lee ◽  
Po-Jui Wu ◽  
Yen-Nan Fang ◽  
Huang-Chung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Long-term oral anticoagulant should be considered or recommended in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 1 for stroke prevention. Warfarin and different direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are metabolized differently by the kidney. The impact on renal function after long-term use of anticoagulants in the patients with AF remains unclear. This study aimed to compare DOACs and warfarin’s impact on the decline in renal function from a large cohort with AF. Methods This study included patients with nonvalvular AF from 2000 to 2018, mainly through the medical history (ICD code) of the Chang Gung Research Database. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), follow-up eGFR and the change in eGFR between 2-year eGFR and baseline eGFR were compared between different DOACs and warfarin after propensity score matching. The primary study endpoint was acute kidney injury (AKI). Results 3657 patients were enrolled in this study and the mean observation time was 3.3 ± 0.9 years. During the observation period, there was a significantly higher incidence of AKI during follow-up in the warfarin group than in the different DOAC groups before and after propensity score matching (before: warfarin vs. DOAC: 9.2% vs. 5.2%, p <  0.001; after: warfarin vs. DOAC: 8.9% vs. 4.4%, p <  0.001). There was no difference in the incidence of AKI between dabigatran group and anti-factor Xa inhibitor group after propensity score matching. The incidence of AKI was similar among rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban groups after propensity score matching. The change in eGFR between 2-year eGFR and baseline eGFR did not differ between the warfarin and DOAC groups after propensity score matching (warfarin vs. DOAC: − 1.27 ± 20.32 vs. -1.94 ± 17.24 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.461). Conclusions During the mean observation time of 3.3 ± 0.9 years, warfarin was associated with a higher incidence of AKI compared with DOACs. The decline in renal function did not differ among warfarin and different DOAC groups.

Besondere Förderung von Kern- kompetenzen an Spezialgymnasien?

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Baumert ◽  
Michael Becker ◽  
Marko Neumann ◽  
Roumiana Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching

Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob Schülerinnen und Schüler, die nach der vierten Klasse in Berlin in ein grundständiges Gymnasium wechseln, in Abhängigkeit vom Profil des besuchten Gymnasiums im Vergleich zu Grundschülern mit vergleichbaren Lernvoraussetzungen unterschiedliche Lernzuwächse im Leseverständnis, in Mathematik und Englisch erreichen. Auf der Datengrundlage der ELEMENT-Studie wurde die Leistungsentwicklung von Schülerinnen und Schülern an grundständigen Gymnasien (N = 1758) und Grundschulen (N = 3169) während der 5. und 6. Jahrgangsstufe mithilfe von Propensity Score Matching-Analysen (PSM) modelliert. Nach Kontrolle von leistungsrelevanten Unterschieden zwischen den Schülergruppen am Ende der 4. Jahrgangsstufe zeigten sich für das Leseverständnis am Ende der 6. Klasse keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede. Für die Mathematikleistung ließen sich Unterschiede lediglich zugunsten eines grundständigen Gymnasiums, das zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt noch kein spezifisches Profil entwickelt hatte, nachweisen. In der Domäne Englisch, in der die curricularen Unterschiede zwischen den Schulzweigen stärker akzentuiert sind, wurden positive Ergebnisse im Vergleich zu den Grundschulen für die so genannten Schnellläuferzüge, die englisch-bilingualen Klassen und das grundständige Gymnasium ohne spezifisches Profil ermittelt. Die Lernstände am Ende der 6. Klasse in den altsprachlichen Gymnasien fielen dagegen im Vergleich zu den Grundschulen geringer aus. Die Befunde widersprechen der Annahme, dass mit dem frühen Übergang auf ein grundständiges Gymnasium automatisch eine besondere Förderung der Lesefähigkeit und des mathematischen Verständnisses besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler erreicht werde. Die Ergebnisse zu den Englischleistungen weisen hingegen darauf hin, dass Unterschiede in der Leistungsentwicklung auftreten können, sofern die Aufteilung auf Schulen mit unterschiedlichen Bildungsprogrammen mit curricularen Unterschieden im Unterricht einhergeht. Methodische und inhaltliche Implikationen der Befunde und Grenzen ihrer Generalisierbarkeit werden diskutiert.

Validating Four Standard Scales in Spiritually Practicing and Nonpracticing Samples Using Propensity Score Matching

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Kohls ◽  
Harald Walach
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Lower Test

Validation studies of standard scales in the particular sample that one is studying are essential for accurate conclusions. We investigated the differences in answering patterns of the Brief-Symptom-Inventory (BSI), Transpersonal Trust Scale (TPV), Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC), and a Social Support Scale (F-SoZu) for a matched sample of spiritually practicing (SP) and nonpracticing (NSP) individuals at two measurement points (t1, t2). Applying a sample matching procedure based on propensity scores, we selected two sociodemographically balanced subsamples of N = 120 out of a total sample of N = 431. Employing repeated measures ANOVAs, we found an intersample difference in means only for TPV and an intrasample difference for F-SoZu. Additionally, a group × time interaction effect was found for TPV. While Cronbach’s α was acceptable and comparable for both samples, a significantly lower test-rest-reliability for the BSI was found in the SP sample (rSP = .62; rNSP = .78). Thus, when researching the effects of spiritual practice, one should not only look at differences in means but also consider time stability. We recommend propensity score matching as an alternative for randomization in variables that defy experimental manipulation such as spirituality.

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