Who earns more? Explicit traits, implicit motives and income growth trajectories

Wildlife sanctuaries rescue, rehabilitate, reintroduce and provide life-long care for orphaned and injured animals. Understanding a sanctuary’s population dynamics—patterns in arrival, mortality and projected changes in population size—allows careful planning for future needs. Building on previous work on the population dynamics of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in sanctuaries of the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance (PASA; Faust et al. 2011), this chapter extends analyses to the only PASA bonobo sanctuary. Its authors analysed historic demographic patterns and projected future population dynamics using an individual-based demographic model. The population has been growing at 6.7 per cent per year, driven by arrivals of new individuals (mean = 5.5 arrivals per year). Several model scenarios projecting varying arrival rates, releases and breeding scenarios clarify potential future growth trajectories for the sanctuary. This research illustrates how data on historic dynamics can be modelled to inform future sanctuary capacity and management needs. Les sanctuaires de faune secourent, réhabilitent, réintroduisent, et fournissent des soins pour toute la vie aux animaux orphelins et blessés. Comprendre les dynamiques de la population d’un sanctuaire—les motifs d’arrivée, mortalité, et de changements projetés de la taille de la population—permet une planification prudente pour les nécessités du futur. En se basant sur le travail déjà fait sur les dynamiques de la population chimpanzé (Pan troglodytes) dans les sanctuaires du Pan African Sanctuary Alliance (PASA; Faust et al. 2011), nous étendons notre analyse au seul sanctuaire bonobo par PASA. Nous avons analysé les motifs démographiques historiques et avons projeté les futures dynamiques de la population en utilisant un modèle démographique basé sur l’individu. La population augmente de 6.7 per cent par an, poussée par l’arrivée de nouveaux individus (moyenne = 5.5 arrivées par an). Plusieurs scénarios modèles montrent une trajectoire de potentielle croissance pour le sanctuaire. Cette recherche illustre comment modeler les données sur les dynamiques historiques pour informer la capacité future du sanctuaire et les besoins gestionnaires.

Download Full-text

Framework

10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0023 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alan Roe ◽

Jeffery Round

Keyword(s):

Supply Chains ◽

Social Impacts ◽

Income Growth ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Local Supply ◽

Multiplier Effects ◽

Economic And Social Impacts

This chapter discusses the channels of impact of an extractives activity on an economy by describing the different routes through which the direct economic and social impacts of these activities might be enhanced. These routes include those that often have the highest political profile, namely spending of government revenues. It also discusses other channels that arguably are far more important, such as the direct effects of corporate spend in local supply chains; the immediate ‘multiplier’ effects of this; the further multipliers that follow from significant income growth; the new downstream activities that may be built on the primary extractive activity; and the externalities that may accrue from the direct boost that a large extractive investment is likely to provide.

Download Full-text

Do Tourism Activities and Urbanization Drive Material Consumption in the OECD Countries? A Quantile Regression Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7742

Author(s):

Taiwo Temitope Lasisi ◽

Kayode Kolawole Eluwole ◽

Uju Violet Alola ◽

Luigi Aldieri ◽

Concetto Paolo Vinci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Real Income ◽

Income Growth ◽

Material Consumption ◽

Domestic Consumption ◽

Sustainable Consumption And Production ◽

Global Goal ◽

Development Goals ◽

Two Parameters

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) elaborately encompass a global goal for sustainable consumption and production (Goal 12: SDGs), thus providing potential drivers and/or pathways to attaining sustainable consumption. In view of this global goal, this study examined the role of real income per capita, urbanization and especially inbound tourism in domestic material consumption for the panel of OECD countries. The study is conducted for the period of 1995 to 2016 by employing the panel quantile approach. Interestingly, an inverted U-shaped relationship between outbound tourism and domestic material consumption is established across the quantiles, thus indicating that sustainable domestic consumption is achievable after a threshold of domestic material consumption is attained. In addition, achieving sustainable consumption through economic or income growth is a herculean task for the OECD countries because the current reality indicates that income growth triggers higher consumption of domestic materials. However, the results suggest that urbanization is a recipe for sustainable domestic consumption since there is a negative and significant relationship between the two parameters across the quantiles. Nevertheless, the study presents relevant policy for efficient material and resources utilization and that is suitable to drive the SDGs for 2030 and other country-specific sustainable ambitions.

Download Full-text

Dating the Great Divergence

Journal of Global History ◽

10.1017/s1740022820000406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 266-285

Author(s):

Jack A. Goldstone

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Income Growth ◽

Strong Growth ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Great Divergence ◽

Per Capita

AbstractNew data on Dutch and British GDP/capita show that at no time prior to 1750, perhaps not before 1800, did the leading countries of northwestern Europe enjoy sustained strong growth in GDP/capita. Such growth in income per head as did occur was highly episodic, concentrated in a few decades and then followed by long periods of stagnation of income per head. Moreover, at no time before 1800 did the leading economies of northwestern Europe reach levels of income per capita much different from peak levels achieved hundreds of years earlier in the most developed regions of Italy and China. When the Industrial Revolution began in Britain, it was not preceded by patterns of pre-modern income growth that were in any way remarkable, neither by sustained prior growth in real incomes nor exceptional levels of income per head. The Great Divergence, seen as the onset of sustained increases in income per head despite strong population growth, and achievement of incomes beyond pre-modern peaks, was a late occurrence, arising only from 1800.

Download Full-text