Automatic onsite imaging of volcanic ash particles with VOLCAT: Towards quasi-real-time eruption style monitoring

2021 ◽  
pp. 107267
Author(s):  
Takahiro Miwa ◽  
Nobuo Geshi ◽  
Jun'ichi Itoh ◽  
Toshikazu Tanada ◽  
Masato Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Eruption Style

scholarly journals Near-real-time volcanic cloud monitoring: insights into global explosive volcanic eruptive activity through analysis of Volcanic Ash Advisories

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Engwell ◽  
L. Mastin ◽  
A. Tupper ◽  
J. Kibler ◽  
P. Acethorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Cloud Monitoring ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Volcanic Cloud

AbstractUnderstanding the location, intensity, and likely duration of volcanic hazards is key to reducing risk from volcanic eruptions. Here, we use a novel near-real-time dataset comprising Volcanic Ash Advisories (VAAs) issued over 10 years to investigate global rates and durations of explosive volcanic activity. The VAAs were collected from the nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) worldwide. Information extracted allowed analysis of the frequency and type of explosive behaviour, including analysis of key eruption source parameters (ESPs) such as volcanic cloud height and duration. The results reflect changes in the VAA reporting process, data sources, and volcanic activity through time. The data show an increase in the number of VAAs issued since 2015 that cannot be directly correlated to an increase in volcanic activity. Instead, many represent increased observations, including improved capability to detect low- to mid-level volcanic clouds (FL101–FL200, 3–6 km asl), by higher temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution satellite sensors. Comparison of ESP data extracted from the VAAs with the Mastin et al. (J Volcanol Geotherm Res 186:10–21, 2009a) database shows that traditional assumptions used in the classification of volcanoes could be much simplified for operational use. The analysis highlights the VAA data as an exceptional resource documenting global volcanic activity on timescales that complement more widely used eruption datasets.

Near-real-time volcanic ash cloud detection: Experiences from the Alaska Volcano Observatory

2009 ◽  
Vol 186 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Webley ◽  
J. Dehn ◽  
J. Lovick ◽  
K.G. Dean ◽  
J.E. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Cloud Detection ◽  
Volcano Observatory ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
Ash Cloud

Method for Real-Time Evaluation of Discharge Rate of Volcanic Ash – Case Study on Intermittent Eruptions at the Sakurajima Volcano, Japan –

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Iguchi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Sakurajima Volcano ◽  
Seismic Amplitude ◽  
Ash Weight ◽  
Better Than

A method for evaluating the volcanic ash discharge rate by using seismic and ground deformation signals is proposed to obtain this rate in real time for southern Kyushu’s Sakurajima volcano. This volcano repeats vulcanian eruptions accompanying significant ground deformation showing deflation and nonvulcanian type eruptions that emit the minor emissions of volcanic ash associated with volcanic tremors but without significant ground deformation. We examined ground deformation and seismic amplitude as they relate to monthly sums of volcanic ash weight ejected from craters. We found that in monthly sums, both deflation ground deformation and the amplitude of volcanic tremors correlate positively with the weight of ejected volcanic ash. A linear combination of terms for ground deformation, seismic amplitude and a correction factor correlates better than single parameter of deflation or seismic amplitude with volcanic ash weight. The linear combination provides the volcanic ash discharge rate in quasi-real time and the total amount of volcanic ash distributed over a wide area immediately after a volcanic eruption ends.

scholarly journals Improvements on Near Real Time Detection of Volcanic Ash Emissions for Emergency Monitoring with Limited Satellite Bands

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torge Steensen ◽  
Peter Webley ◽  
Jon Dehn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Ash Transport

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Quantifying volcanic ash emissions syneruptively is an important task for the global aviation community. However, due to the near real time nature of volcano monitoring, many parameters important for accurate ash mass estimates cannot be obtained easily. Even when using the best possible estimates of those parameters, uncertainties associated with the ash masses remain high, especially if the satellite data is only available in the traditional 10.8 and 12.0 μm bands. To counteract this limitation, we developed a quantitative comparison between the ash extents in satellite and model data. The focus is the manual cloud edge definition based on the available satellite reverse absorption (RA) data as well as other knowledge like pilot reports or ground-based observations followed by an application of the Volcanic Ash Retrieval on the defined subset with an RA threshold of 0 K. This manual aspect, although subjective to the experience of the observer, can show a significant improvement as it provides the ability to highlight ash that otherwise would be obscured by meteorological clouds or, by passing over different surfaces with unaccounted temperatures, might be lost entirely and thus remains undetectable for an automated satellite approach. We show comparisons to Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion models and outline a quantitative match as well as percentages of overestimates based on satellite or dispersion model data which can be converted into a level of reliability for near real time volcano monitoring. </span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Sulphur dioxide as a volcanic ash proxy during the April–May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull Volcano, Iceland

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6871-6880 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Thomas ◽  
A. J. Prata
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Cloud Monitoring ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
Volcanic Cloud ◽  
Financial Losses

Abstract. The volcanic ash cloud from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April and May 2010 resulted in unprecedented disruption to air traffic in Western Europe causing significant financial losses and highlighting the importance of efficient volcanic cloud monitoring. The feasibility of using SO2 as a tracer for the ash released during the eruption is investigated here through comparison of ash retrievals from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) with SO2 measurements from a number of infrared and ultraviolet satellite-based sensors. Results demonstrate that the eruption can be divided into an initial ash-rich phase, a lower intensity middle phase and a final phase where considerably greater quantities both ash and SO2 were released. Comparisons of ash-SO2 dispersion indicate that despite frequent collocation of the two species, there are a number of instances throughout the eruption where separation is observed. This separation occurs vertically due to the more rapid settling rate of ash compared to SO2, horizontally through wind shear and temporally through volcanological controls on eruption style. The potential for the two species to be dispersed independently has consequences in terms of aircraft hazard mitigation and highlights the importance of monitoring both species concurrently.

scholarly journals Sulphur dioxide as a volcanic ash proxy during the April–May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull Volcano, Iceland

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 7757-7780 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Thomas ◽  
A. J. Prata
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Cloud Monitoring ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
Volcanic Cloud

Abstract. The volcanic ash cloud from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April and May 2010 resulted in unprecedented disruption to air traffic in Western Europe causing significant monetary loses and highlighting the importance of efficient volcanic cloud monitoring. The feasibility of using SO2 as a tracer for the ash released during the eruption is investigated here through comparison of ash retrievals from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) with SO2 measurements from a number of infrared and ultraviolet satellite-based sensors. Results demonstrate that the eruption can be divided into an initial ash-rich phase, a lower intensity middle phase and a final phase where considerably greater quantities of both ash and SO2 were released. Comparisons of ash-SO2 dispersion indicate that despite frequent collocation of the two species, there are a number of instances throughout the eruption where separation is observed. This separation occurs vertically due to the more rapid settling rate of ash compared to SO2, horizontally through wind shear and temporally through volcanological controls on eruption style. The potential for the two species to be dispersed independently has consequences in terms of aircraft hazard mitigation and highlights the importance of monitoring both species concurrently.

Exploring forecast variability during volcanic ash cloud events 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Beckett ◽  
Ralph Burton ◽  
Fabio Dioguardi ◽  
Claire Witham ◽  
John Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
Ash Cloud

&lt;p&gt;Atmospheric transport and dispersion models are used by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) to provide timely information on volcanic ash clouds to mitigate the risk of aircraft encounters. Inaccuracies in dispersion model forecasts can occur due to the uncertainties associated with source terms, meteorological data and model parametrizations. Real-time validation of model forecasts against observations is therefore essential to ensure their reliability. Forecasts can also benefit from comparison to model output from other groups; through understanding how different modelling approaches, variations in model setups, model physics, and driving meteorological data, impact the predicted extent and concentration of ash. The Met Office, the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) and the British Geological Survey (BGS) are working together to consider how we might compare data (both qualitatively and quantitatively) from the atmospheric dispersion models NAME, FALL3D and HYSPLIT, using meteorological data from the Met Office Unified Model and the NOAA Global Forecast System (providing an effective multi-model ensemble). Results from the model inter-comparison will be used to provide advice to the London VAAC to aid forecasting decisions in near real time during a volcanic ash cloud event. In order to facilitate this comparison, we developed a Python package (ash-model-plotting) to read outputs from the different models into a consistent structure. Here we present our framework for generating comparable plots across the different partners, with a focus on total column mass loading products. These are directly comparable to satellite data retrievals and therefore important for model validation. We also present outcomes from a recent modelling exercise and discuss next steps for further improving our forecast validation.&lt;/p&gt;

The 2019 July Stromboli volcano paroxysm event: contribution of infrasound to the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Marchetti ◽  
Maurizio Ripepe ◽  
Alexis Le Pichon ◽  
Constantino Listowski ◽  
Lars Ceranna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Stromboli Volcano ◽  
Eruptive Column ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;With the advent of civil aviation and growth in air traffic, the problem of volcanic ash encounter has become an issue of importance as a prompt response to volcanic eruptions is required to mitigate the impact of the volcanic hazard on aviation. Many volcanoes worldwide are poorly monitored, and most of the time notifications of volcanic eruptions are reported mainly based on satellite observations or visual observations. Among ground-based volcano monitoring techniques, infrasound is the only one capable of detecting explosive eruptions from distances of thousands of kilometers.&amp;#160;On July 3 and August 28, 2019, two paroxysmal explosions occurred at Stromboli volcano. The events, that are similar in terms of energy and size to the peak explosive activity reported historically for the volcano, produced a significant emission of scoria, bombs and lapilli, that affected the whole island and fed an eruptive column that rose almost 5 km above the volcano. The collapse of the eruptive column also produced pyroclastic flows along the Sciara del Fuoco, a sector collapse on the northern flank of the volcano.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Being one of the best-monitored volcanoes of the world, the 2019 Stromboli paroxysmal explosions were observed in real-time and Civil Protection procedures started immediately. However, notification to the Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) was not automated, and the VAA was issued only long after the event occurrence. The two explosions produced infrasound signals that were detected by several infrasound stations as far as Norway (IS37, 3380 km) and Azores islands (IS42, 3530 km). Despite of the latency due to the propagation time, infrasound-based notification arrays precedes the Volcanic Ash Advisories (VAAs) issued by Toulouse VACC. Following the same procedure applied for the Volcano Information System developed in the framework of the ARISE project, we show how infrasound array analysis could allow automatic, near-real-time identification of these eruptions with timely reliable source information. We highlight the need for an integration of the CTBT IMS infrasound network with local and regional infrasound arrays capable of providing a timely early warning to VAACs. This study opens new perspectives in volcano monitoring and could represent, in the future, an efficient tool in supporting VAACs activity.&lt;/p&gt;

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