scholarly journals Labour force participation and job polarization: Evidence from Europe during the Great Recession

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 101881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Verdugo ◽  
Guillaume Allègre
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Job Polarization

Underemployment in the UK in the Great Recession

2011 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. R23-R33 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N.F. Bell ◽  
David G. Blanchflower
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Hires

One of the main puzzles associated with the Great Recession has been the muted increase in recorded unemployment in the UK. In this paper we explore possible explanations for the behaviour of the UK labour market during the period of the recession. We establish that there has been significant underemployment, which partly explains the sluggish increase in unemployment, but also means that (i) significant numbers of workers are supplying fewer hours of work than they would like and (ii) when recovery comes, profit maximising employers are likely to increase the hours of existing workers, rather than making new hires. This particularly disadvantages the young. Our new analysis points to significant levels of underemployment among younger age groups — whether this is measured in relation to their actual hours of work, their desired hours of work, or their labour force participation.

scholarly journals Unemployment and spell duration during the Great Recession in the EU

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gradín ◽  
Olga Cantó ◽  
Coral del Río
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different dynamic characteristics of unemployment in a selected group of European Union countries during the current Great Recession, which had unequal consequences on employment depending on the country considered. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows Shorrocks’s proposal of a duration-sensitive measure of unemployment, and uses cross-sectional data reported by Eurostat coming from European Labour Force Surveys. Findings – The results add some evidence on the relevance of incorporating spells’ duration in measuring unemployment, finding remarkable differences in unemployment patterns in time among European countries. Research limitations/implications – In this paper unemployment is analyzed for all the labor force. Future research should investigate patterns across specific groups such as young people, women, immigrants or the low skilled. Practical implications – It is generally accepted that the negative impact of unemployment on individual welfare can be very different depending on its duration. However, conventional statistics on unemployment do not adequately capture to what extent the recession is not only increasing the incidence of unemployment but also its severity in terms of duration in time of ongoing unemployment spells. The paper shows an easy and practical way to do it in order to improve the understanding of the unemployment phenomenon, using information usually reported by statistical offices. Originality/value – First, the paper provides a tool for dynamic analysis of unemployment based on reported cross-sectional data. Second, the paper demonstrates the empirical relevance of considering spells’ duration when assessing differences in unemployment across countries or in unemployment trends. This is usually neglected or only partially addressed by most conventional measures of unemployment.

scholarly journals Productivity in Europe during the Great Recession: Any evidence for creative destruction?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Paz Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Endogenous Growth Models

This article analyses the effects of the financial crisis and the Great Recession on productivity in Europe by studying the process of labour force reallocation between companies. Using micro-data on company balance sheets, a fixed-effects panel estimation of the predictors of the post-crisis evolution of the number of employees for a given company is used. Identification is achieved through the use of pre-crisis values of covariates. The results are in line with the theoretical predictions derived from Schumpeterian (“creative destruction”) endogenous growth models. Pre-crisis productivity is a predictor of a higher number of employees, which means creative destruction is taking place to some extent. Companies in financially dependent sectors perform worse in the context of the financial crisis. Indebtedness has an uneven effect: positive for large companies and negative for smaller ones.

Restructuring opportunity: employment change and job quality in the United States during the Great Recession

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anne Visser
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Employment Change ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Job Polarization ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Abstract Research continues to stress the influence job polarization has had on employment and economic opportunity in the USA. However, much of this literature is based on studies focused on time periods of economic expansion, and the knowledge base lacks a nuanced understanding of structural employment change during economic downturns and the temporally and spatially distinctive dynamics of such shifts. Using an innovative methodology for measuring job quality, the study provides an empirical analysis of employment shifts that occurred during the Great Recession both quantitatively (how many jobs created or destroyed) as well as qualitatively (what types of jobs created or destroyed). A notable feature of the shifts observed in the employment structure during this time period is a deepening pattern of inequality in the labor market characterized by increased wage polarization for all workers and evidence of downgrading experienced by male workers across all three measures of job quality.

scholarly journals Stuck in a Time Warp? The Great Recession and the Socio-occupational Integration of Migrants in Spain

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ramón Jiménez-García ◽  
Antonina Levatino
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Occupational Integration ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis article examines the socio-occupational integration of the immigrant population in Spain for a time span that, for the first time, includes the post-crisis period. Using the Spanish Labour Force Survey and conducting a socio-occupational analysis, we predict the probability that a migrant would be employed in one socio-occupational class over another in three periods: before, during and after the crisis. Our main research questions are as follows: (1) To what extent do migrants tend to be located in certain socio-occupational classes? (2) To what extent does the likelihood of belonging to a certain socio-occupational class differ according to immigrants’ places of origin? (3) Can differences be found in the likelihood of belonging to a certain socio-occupational class according to the places of origin before, during and after the Great Recession? The results show a very unequal distribution of immigrants in the socio-occupational structure according to their origin. While immigrants from Schengen Europe and North America are better located in the occupational structure, those from Eastern Europe and Africa are over-represented in the lower socio-occupational classes.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of the Great Recession on Aboriginal People Living off Reserve in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Discouraged Workers ◽  
The Difference

Summary The present analysis seeks to examine whether the 2008 recession had a differential impact on Aboriginal as compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians as measured by the differences in the probability of unemployment between the two groups. Specifically, the present study tests two hypotheses: 1- Aboriginal people have been disproportionately burdened by the Great Recession as compared to non-Aboriginal people, and as a consequence; 2- Aboriginal people are more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be discouraged workers. The study uses data obtained from the master files of the Canadian Labour Force Survey for the years 2007 to 2012 inclusive to estimate the probability that an individual is unemployed based on a set of observable characteristics for a sample of labour force participants. The methodology begins by estimating a pooled model across all years, which includes controls for Aboriginal identity. Secondly, individual models of the probability of unemployment are estimated for each year for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal labour force participants. The difference in the probability of unemployment from pooled models estimated separately for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples are decomposed to reveal the proportion of the gap that is due to differences in observable characteristics between the two groups and the amount of the gap that is attributable to differential returns to those characteristics. To investigate the second hypothesis, the study estimates the probability that a respondent is a discouraged worker based on the entire sample of both economically active and inactive persons (i.e. labour force participants and well as those not in the labour force). The results of both the pooled and individual models of the probability of unemployment support the first hypothesis, that Aboriginal peoples were disproportionately burdened by the 2008 recession as seen in higher and more enduring probabilities of unemployment. By the 2012, estimated unemployment rates had roughly returned to their pre-recessionary levels for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal respondents with strongest labour force attachments. When individuals with weaker labour force attachments (i.e. those who have been unemployed for more than twelve months) are included in the analysis, the gap between the probability of unemployment for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal persons widens. Furthermore, the second hypothesis, that Aboriginal people are more likely to be discouraged workers, was supported, as Aboriginal people were more likely to be discouraged workers in 2008-2010 and 2012.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document