The spatial distribution of farmland abandonment and its influential factors at the township level: A case study in the mountainous area of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 510-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiechou Shi ◽  
Xiubin Li ◽  
Liangjie Xin ◽  
Xiaohong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Farmland Abandonment

scholarly journals Analysis of Farmland Abandonment at Parcel Level: A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiechou Shi ◽  
Xiubin Li ◽  
Liangjie Xin ◽  
Xiaohong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Farmland Abandonment

scholarly journals The Influence of Increased Salvage Felling on Forwarding Distance and the Removal—A Case Study from Croatia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Andreja Đuka ◽  
Zoran Bumber ◽  
Tomislav Poršinsky ◽  
Ivica Papa ◽  
Tibor Pentek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Infrastructure Network ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Research Period

During the seven-year research period, the average annual removal was by 3274 m3 higher than the average annual removal prescribed by the existing management plan (MP). The main reason lies in the high amount of salvage felling volume at 55,238 m3 (38.3%) in both the main and the intermediate felling due to oak dieback. The analysis of forest accessibility took into account the spatial distribution of cutblocks (with ongoing felling operations) and the volume of felled timber for two proposed factors: (1) the position of the cutblock and (2) the position of the removal. Cutblock position factor took into account the spatial position of the felling areas/sites, while removal position factor besides the spatial reference took into account the amount of felled timber (i.e., volume) both concerning forest infrastructure network and forest operations. The analysed relative forest openness by using geo-processing workflows in GIS environment showed four types of opening areas in the studied management unit (MU): single-opened, multiple-opened, unopened and opened areas outside of the management unit. Negative effects of the piece-volume law and low harvesting densities on forest operations are highlighted in this research due to high amount of salvage felling particularly in the intermediate felling by replacing timber volume that should have come from thinnings.

scholarly journals Perceived Trip Time Reliability and Its Cost in a Rail Transit Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7504
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Paul Schonfeld ◽  
Jinqu Chen ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Qiyuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Buffer Time ◽  
Transfer Times

Time reliability in a Rail Transit Network (RTN) is usually measured according to clock-based trip time, while the travel conditions such as travel comfort and convenience cannot be reflected by clock-based trip time. Here, the crowding level of trains, seat availability, and transfer times are considered to compute passengers’ Perceived Trip Time (PTT). Compared with the average PTT, the extra PTT needed for arriving reliably, which equals the 95th percentile PTT minus the average PTT, is converted into the monetary cost for estimating Perceived Time Reliability Cost (PTRC). The ratio of extra PTT needed for arriving reliably to the average PTT referring to the buffer time index is proposed to measure Perceived Time Reliability (PTR). To overcome the difficulty of obtaining passengers’ PTT who travel among rail transit modes, a Monte Carlo simulation is applied to generated passengers’ PTT for computing PTR and PTRC. A case study of Chengdu’s RTN shows that the proposed metrics and method measure the PTR and PTRC in an RTN effectively. PTTR, PTRC, and influential factors have significant linear relations among them, and the obtained linear regression models among them can guide passengers to travel reliably.

A review on visual criteria of pure milk packaging for parents and their children (case study: Tehran, Iran)

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Rasouli Valajoozi ◽  
Nosrat Ollah Zangi
Keyword(s):  
Influential Factors ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Pure Milk ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare and find the significance of aesthetic standards related to the packaging design of pure milk among two groups of parents and children in order to help the designers and marketers to identify these two groups of consumers well. Design/methodology/approach – The results of questionnaire were used to get the required data. The selected samples were divided into two groups of 110 parents and children aged between seven and 14 years old who responded to the questions. The subjects were compared and evaluated within the convenience stores in the cosmopolitan city of Tehran based on four independent variables as the influential factors in packaging attractiveness. Data were analyzed through the statistical analysis software using the Independent t-test analysis. Findings – The results of analysis showed that all the variables vary significantly among these two groups. Besides, the importance and priority of variables were determined for each group based on the mean score of each variable. Originality/value – According to the results of this study, it could be concluded that the selection criteria and packaging attractiveness varies among children and parents, and the aesthetic factors of packaging could be used with different priorities for these two groups. And also at the end of research some practical recommendations are presented in order of importance based on parents’ preferences.

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