scholarly journals Factors associated with farmers’ use of fee-for-service advisors in a privatized agricultural extension system

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 105360
Author(s):  
R. Nettle ◽  
J.M. Morton ◽  
N. McDonald ◽  
M. Suryana ◽  
D. Birch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extension System

ENHANCEMENT OF YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ADVISORY SERVICES THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING: A SOLUTION TO UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Extension System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sub Saharan

The unemployment rate in Nigeria and other Sub Saharan African countries keep surging year after year despite the need for human resources in several sectors. Nigeria records a large number of young graduates from tertiary institutions most of whom find it difficult to get white collar jobs. Despite this ongoing, human resource which is needed for economic development remains under exploited. Young people have a sense of responsibility which makes it easy for them to take up opportunities that will lead to individual and societal development. Unemployed youths who have interest in agriculture and the extension system can be recruited into this sector to achieve sustainable agricultural and rural development in these areas. Capacity development is essential in this scenario to absorb these group of people into the agricultural sector, thus, reducing employment rate. Unqualified young persons can carry out the functions or duties of agricultural extension advisory services if their technical and knowledge skills in line with the subject matter is developed.

Peran Strategis Penyuluh Swadaya dalam Paradigma Baru Penyuluhan Pertanian Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Syahyuti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The Self ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Involvement of farmers as actors to support extension activities have been underway for a long time with various approaches. In Indonesia, it started from the involvement of Kontak Tani (Advanced Farmers) in Supra Insus era, then farmer to farmer extension at P4S, as well as Penyuluh Swakarsa (Independent Extension Workers)” (in 2004), and the latest is Penyuluh Swadaya (Self-Help Agricultural Extension Workers) since 2008. The existence of self-help farmer extension workers are recognized since the enactment of Law No. 16/2006 on Extension System of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries. However, even though it runs nearly 10 years, the development of the role of self-help farmer extension workers is not optimal. This paper is a review of various posts including the recent research on self-help farmer extension workers and it aims to study the potential and problems of self-help farmer extension workers. It shows that the self-help farmer extension workers have a self-help capabilities and distinctive social position and they have to get right role. Appropriate support should be given to self-help farmer extension workers as the agricultural extension worker in the future and it must be distinguished between the government and private extension workers. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pelibatan petani sebagai pendukung dan pelaku langsung dalam kegiatan penyuluhan telah berlangsung cukup lama dengan berbagai pendekatan. Di Indonesia, hal ini dimulai dari pelibatan kontak tani pada era Bimas sampai Supra Insus, lalu pendekatan “penyuluhan dari petani ke petani” (farmer to farmer extension) di P4S, serta pengangkatan penyuluh swakarsa (tahun 2004), dan terakhir penyuluh swadaya (sejak tahun 2008). Keberadaan penyuluh swadaya diakui secara resmi semenjak diundangkannya UU No. 16 tahun 2006 tentang Sistem Penyuluhan Pertanian, Kehutanan dan Perikanan. Namun, meskipun sudah berjalan hampir 10 tahun, perkembangan peran penyuluh swadaya belum optimal. Tulisan ini merupakan review dari berbagai tulisan termasuk penelitian tentang penyuluh swadaya terakhir, untuk mempelajari potensi dan permasalahan penyuluh pertanian swadaya saat ini. Ditemukan bahwa penyuluh swadaya memiliki kapabilitas dan posisi sosial yang khas, sehingga batasan perannya mestilah diberikan secara tepat. Dukungan yang tepat harus diberikan kepada penyuluh swadaya sebagai sosok penyuluh pertanian yang strategis di masa mendatang, yang mesti dibedakan dengan penyuluh pemerintah dan penyuluh swasta.</p>

Appropriate Extension Methodologies for Agricultural Development in Emerging Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
B. S. Famuyiwa ◽  
O. A. Olaniyi ◽  
S. A. Adesoji
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Culturally Compatible

Over two-thirds of the world's poorest people are located in rural areas and engaged primarily in agriculture and agricultural-related activities for their livelihood. Therefore, the future of most underdeveloped and developing nations depends on agriculture. Most African Countries have agricultural dependent economies that are hinged to rain-fed agriculture and based on smallholdings. These countries are referred to as countries with emerging economies and characterized as having low to middle per capita income and represent 20% of the world's economies. This chapter discusses; concepts of agricultural extension methodologies assessed from past to present, appropriating extension methodologies to encourage agricultural development, identifying roles of agricultural extension activities in agricultural development and factors influencing the choice of appropriate extension methodologies in emerging economies. It concludes with the constraints to sustainable agricultural development and extension methodologies which if removed will have the potential for progression towards economy development. Developing countries should fashion a sustainable extension system that will be socially acceptable and culturally compatible, economically viable and environmentally friendly.

Determinants and overuse of pesticides in grain production

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyang Sun ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Ruifa Hu
Keyword(s):  
Damage Control ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Pesticide Reduction

Purpose The negative externalities of pesticide overuse increasingly concern the public. However, little empirical evidence has been provided for pesticide overuse and the relationship between the governmental agricultural extension system reforms and pesticide use in grain production from a nationwide perspective. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the productive effect and overuse of pesticides, and it also investigates the effect of the governmental agricultural extension system reforms on pesticide expenditure in rice, maize and wheat production in China. Design/methodology/approach A two-equation system model consisting of an exponential-specific damage-control production function and a pesticide use function is applied to the provincial-level data during the period 1985–2016. Findings While pesticide expenditure significantly increases grain productivity, the actual pesticide expenditure exceeds the economically optimal level. The commercialization reform of the governmental agricultural extension system contributed to the increase in pesticide expenditure. Moreover, the de-commercialization reform of the governmental agricultural extension system plays a limited role in pesticide reduction. Price fluctuations for grain and pesticide also impose significant effects on pesticide expenditure. Originality/value This study has two important policy implications for pesticide reduction in China. It is urgent to specify the functions of the governmental agricultural extension system, and encourage the development of the socialized agricultural technology service. More efforts should also be made to remove the bureaucratic intervention on the pricing mechanism of grain product and pesticide.

Adaptation of an Agricultural Extension Service to Changing Conditions : The Case of Israel

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Blum ◽  
Robert. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Know How ◽  
Agricultural Extension Service ◽  
Informal Knowledge ◽  
Extension System ◽  
New Immigrants

The first agricultural extension services were created, when previous attempts to spread know-how were no longer appropriate. One of the major criteria to evaluate existing extension systems is to analyze, how they adapted their services to different client groups and to changed agro-technical, economical and social circumstances. The paper analyzes what major changes were needed in the Israeli extension system, and how the extension service adapted its work to these changes. The major challenges were: how to work with new immigrants and growers in different settlement types, how to up-grade advisers’ formal and informal knowledge level. The most critical problem came with serious cuts and governmental demand to privatize the agricultural extension service.

scholarly journals Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu ◽  
Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke ◽  
Loveday Chukwudi Njoku ◽  
Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo ◽  
Mary Chikerenma Atasie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Climate Change Resilience

scholarly journals Implementasi dan Dampak Penerapan Legislasi Penyuluhan Pertanian Terhadap Capaian Swasembada Pangan

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Kurnia Suci Indraningsih
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Productivity ◽  
Weak Extension

<p><span><strong>English</strong></span></p><p><span>Law No. 16/2006 on Agricultural Extension System, Fisheries and Forestry and its derivative regulations have not improved extension workers’ performance to meet farmers’ needs including that to succeed food self-sufficiency. This paper aims to analyze (1) implementation of extension laws especially in food self-sufficiency achievement; (2) problems faced by officials and extension workers in implementing agricultural extension; and (3) impacts of extension laws on of food self-sufficiency achievement target. Primary data and information were collected through interviews and group discussions using an ethno-methodology approach. The results showed that extension laws implementation did not fully match with the Law No. 32/2004, especially its derivatives such as PP No. 41/2007 and PP No. 38/2007. However, such derivative legislation was consistent with Law No. 16/2006 and supported rice self-sufficiency achievement in 2014. Implementation of agricultural extension laws deals with the position of agriculture sector is not the priority such that coordination and synchronization between central and regional governments’ development programs are still weak. Extension workers’ assistance to farmers improved food productivity by 29 to 32.7%. It is necessary to enhance extension workers’ assistance to farmers through farmers’ capacity building, not solely to increase the food production</span></p><p><span><strong>Indonesia</strong></span></p><p><span>Undang Undang No. 16/2006 tentang Sistem Penyuluhan Pertanian, Perikanan, dan Kehutanan (SP3K); serta peraturan perundang-undangan di bawahnya tampaknya belum memberikan ruang bagi penyuluh untuk dapat bekerja dengan baik sesuai kebutuhan petani. Dalam hal ini termasuk menjawab kebutuhan untuk membuat penyuluh lebih progresif dalam menyukseskan swasembada pangan.  Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (1) implementasi peraturan perundangan di bidang penyuluhan dengan pencapaian sasaran swasembada pangan; (2) permasalahan implementasi di bidang penyuluhan; dan (3) dampak implementasi legislasi penyuluhan pertanian terhadap capaian sasaran swasembada pangan.  </span><span lang="SV">W</span><span>awancara dan </span><span lang="SV">diskusi kelompok dengan pendekatan <em>ethnomethodology</em></span><span> dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang holistik terkait dengan tujuan evaluasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa i</span><span lang="SV">mplementasi peraturan perundang-undangan </span><span>di bidang penyuluhan belum sepenuhnya sinkron dengan UU No</span><span lang="SV">.</span><span>32/2004, terutama poduk turunannya, yaitu PP No. 41/2007 dan PP No. 38/2007.  Produk turunan </span><span lang="SV">perundang-undangan </span><span>di bidang penyuluhan telah konsisten dengan UU No. 16/2006, dan telah mendukung pencapaian swasembada beras di tahun 2014.  Permasalahan implementasi di bidang penyuluhan pertanian terkait dengan posisi sektor pertanian sebagai ‘urusan pilihan’ sehingga koordinasi dan sinkronisasi antara program pembangunan pusat dan daerah masih lemah.  Dampak implementasi legislasi penyuluhan terlihat dari peran pendampingan/pengawalan penyuluh terhadap petani telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan produktivitas padi sebesar 29−32,7%.  Implikasinya secara nasional adalah intensitas pendampingan penyuluh terhadap petani perlu ditingkatkan yang berorientasi pada peningkatan kapasitas petani, bukan semata-mata pada peningkatan produksi. </span></p>

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