scholarly journals Modelling choices and social interactions with a threshold public good: Investment decisions in a polder in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 105886
Author(s):  
Stijn Reinhard ◽  
María A. Naranjo ◽  
Nico Polman ◽  
Wil Hennen
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Good Investment

scholarly journals EASILY ACCESSIBLE EVALUATIVE INFORMATION COULD FACILITATE OLDER ADULTS’ (BUT NOT ALL) TRUSTWORTHINESS JUDGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S855-S855
Author(s):  
Linlin Chen ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Correction Rate ◽  
Small Subgroup

Abstract Facial appearance served great function in social interactions, especially for older adults in making trustworthiness judgements. Previous literatures have consistently shown that when making trustworthiness judgements older adults tended to rely more on facial cues rather than behaviors, due to declines in cognition. However, one question remains unsolved, whether older adults could make accurate trustworthiness judgements if evaluative information (with minimal memory load) is easily accessible. Sixty younger adults (YAs) and sixty older adults (OAs) were recruited, and asked to make investment decisions for different brokers in ninety-six trials. In each trial, brokers’ facial appearance (trustworthy and untrustworthy looking) and different behavioral evaluative information (good: Ninety percent positive evaluations, neutral: Fifty percent positive evaluations, bad: Ninety percent negative evaluations) were displayed simultaneously on screen to facilitate investment decisions. Brokers’ facial appearances and behaviors were set to be independent to each other. The results indicated that YAs’ and the majority of OAs’ proportions of correct investment increase, gradually reaching a stable high correction rate, although OAs needed more trials than did YAs. The findings extended prior work by suggesting that both OAs and YAs had similar abilities to distinguish different brokers according to easily accessible evaluative information. However, and surprisingly, a small subgroup of OAs (with low economic status) still had a lower correction rate even after ninety-six trials, suggesting that they could not distinguish brokers based on their evaluations at all, who might be at risk for fraud.

scholarly journals Predictive analytics for policy and practice: reflections from the criminal justice system

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Costs Of Crime ◽  
Good Investment

The current government is seeking to take the logic of an investment approach to welfare and apply it to other areas of expenditure. Like most sectors, the justice sector has a programme of work underway to improve its ability to make good investment decisions; in a justice sector context this primarily means applying resources where they can best reduce the long-term social and economic costs of crime. 

Social interactions and mutual fund portfolios: the role of alumni networks in China

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanxi Liang ◽  
Jiangshan Liao ◽  
Leng Ling
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mutual Fund Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fund Managers

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the influence of social interactions on mutual fund portfolios from the perspective of alumni network in China.Design/methodology/approachBased on a data set that consists of 162 actively managed equity funds in China during the time period of 2003–2014, this study employs multiple linear regression model to control for organization- and location-based interpersonal connections as well as other confounding factors and clarify the causality relationship between alumni networks of mutual fund managers and their portfolios.FindingsAfter controlling for organization- and location-based interpersonal connections, we find that mutual fund managers who graduated from the same college/university have more similar stock holdings and are more likely to buy or sell the same stocks contemporaneously. As a result, alumni managers exhibit a higher correlation of fund returns. Moreover, the effect of alumni relationship on mutual fund investments becomes weaker when more managers are connected within the network. We also find that valuable information is shared among alumni managers: (1) the average returns for the alumni common holdings portfolios is significantly higher than those for non-alumni holdings portfolios and (2) a long-short strategy composed of stocks purchased minus sold by alumni managers yields positive and significant risk-adjusted returns.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that information dissemination among connected fund managers could be one of the driving forces for mutual fund herding behavior, and that a portfolio of funds whose managers are educationally connected could be highly exposed to certain stocks and risks.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the growing finance literature addressing the influence of personal connections on information dissemination that specifically contributes to price formation. It corresponds more closely to Cohen et al. (2008), who investigate college alumni connections between fund managers and corporate board members. Since the authors simultaneously examine three potentially overlapped social networks, which are based on education, locality and fund family, the authors are able to disentangle their effects on fund managers' investment decisions. Moreover, the findings suggest that institutional investors make investment decisions based on share private information, and therefore, it also contributes to the literature on fund herding behaviors (Grinblatt et al., 1995; Wermers, 1999).

Navigating Risky Higher Education Investments: Implications for Practitioners and Consumers

2020 ◽  
pp. JFCP-18-00002
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Heckman ◽  
Jodi C. Letkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Time To Degree ◽  
Good Investment

This exploratory study examines academic and labor market risks associated with investments in higher education by synthesizing the literature regarding risky higher education choices and extending the research using the 2014 National Student Financial Wellness Study, a national sample of college students. Three phenomena are analyzed to support the notion that individuals may be making suboptimal human capital investment decisions: (a) cost–benefit errors; (b) unclear educational goals; and (c) increasing time-to-degree. The study examines which students are more likely to report that the cost of college did not influence their choice, that tuition is not a good investment, or that they expect to take additional time to complete their degree. Opportunities for practitioners to help clients navigate higher education investment decisions and opportunities for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Do Institutional Investors Aleviate Agency Costs in R&D Investment Decisions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ricky William Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Institutional Shareholders ◽  
Difference Gmm ◽  
D Investment

This study tests whether institutional investors encourage R&D investment in firms with potential agency problems. Firm and year fixed effect regressions and difference-GMM regressions are used to examine the effect of changes in institutional investor levels to subsequent changes in R&D investment levels. Increased institutional ownership leads to increased R&D investment and this relationship is stronger in firms more susceptible to agency problems. Agency-based free cash flow theory predicts that institutional investors will encourage R&D investment in firms with good investment opportunities, but they will not encourage R&D investment simply because a firm has higher free cash flow. My results support this prediction indicating that institutional investors help to control agency problems in R&D investment decisions. The results in this paper indicate that this may lead to a decrease in agency costs in R&D decisions, thus benefiting institutional and non-institutional shareholders.

scholarly journals The Non-Tragedy of the Non-Linear Commons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Archetti ◽  
István Scheuring ◽  
Douglas Yu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Biological Hierarchy

Public goods are produced at all levels of the biological hierarchy, from the secretion of diffusible molecules by cells to social interactions in humans. However, the cooperation needed to produce public goods is vulnerable to exploitation by free-riders — the Tragedy of the Commons. The dominant solution to this problem of collective action is that some form of positive assortment (due to kinship or spatial structure) or of enforcement (reward and punishment) is necessary for public-goods cooperation to evolve. However, these solutions are only needed when individual contributions to the public good accrue linearly, and the assumption of linearity is never true in biology. We explain how cooperation for nonlinearpublic goods is maintained endogenously and does not require positive assortment or enforcement, and we review the considerable empirical evidence for the existence and maintenance of nonlinear public goods in biology. We argue that it is time to move beyond discussions about assortment and enforcement in the study of cooperation in biology.

Perceived Voice Disorders in Older Adults and Impact on Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Connie K. Porcaro ◽  
Clare Singer ◽  
Boris Djokic ◽  
Ali A. Danesh ◽  
Ruth Tappen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose Many aging individuals, even those who are healthy, report voice changes that can impact their ability to communicate as they once did. While this is commonly reported, most do not seek evaluation or management for this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences in voice disorders in older adults, along with the effect of fatigue on their social interactions. Method This is a cross-sectional investigation of a community-dwelling sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Questionnaire on Vocal Performance, the Social Engagement Index subset “Engagement in Social or Leisure Activities,” and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Results Results indicated 32.5% of the 332 participants reported symptoms of voice problems with no difference found between male and female respondents. A slight increase in report of voice problems was noted with each year of age. Participants who self-reported voice problems indicated less interaction in social activities involving communication than those who did not. Finally, as severity of self-reported voice problems increased, an increase was reported by the same individuals for signs of fatigue. Conclusions Voice problems and resulting decreased social interaction are commonly experienced by older individuals. Voice symptoms in older adults have been found to benefit from evidence-based treatment strategies. It is critical to provide education to encourage older individuals to seek appropriate evaluation and management for voice issues through a speech-language pathologist or medical professional.

“Shhhh! Alex Has Something To Say”: AAC-SGD Use in the Classroom Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Mellman ◽  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Julie A. Hengst
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Classroom Community ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract The present qualitative study was designed to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices, particularly surrounding speech-generating devices (SGDs), in the classroom setting. We focused on three key child participants, their classroom teachers, and associated speech-language pathologists across three different schools. In addition to semi-structured interviews of all participants, six classroom observations per child were completed. Data were coded according to both pre-established and emergent themes. Four broad themes emerged: message-focused AAC use, social interactions within the classroom community, barriers to successful AAC-SGD use, and missed opportunities. Findings revealed a lack of SGD use in the classroom for two children as well as limited social interaction across all cases. We conclude by highlighting the pervasive sense of missed opportunities across these classroom observations and yet, at the same time, the striking resiliency of communicative effort in these cases.

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