Effects of short-term once-a-day milking in early lactation on dairy cow performance when managed in a seasonal-calving pasture based system

2021 ◽  
pp. 104648
Author(s):  
Emer Kennedy ◽  
John Paul Murphy ◽  
Luc Delaby ◽  
Michael O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cow Performance

Pasture allowance and duration: the effect of restriction on dry-matter intake, energy balance and indicators of metabolic health in early lactation dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Aisling Claffey ◽  
Luc Delaby ◽  
Eva Lewis ◽  
Tommy M. Boland ◽  
Norann Galvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grass Growth

Context Pasture allowance (PA) in early lactation is widely acknowledged to influence animal performance; however, climatic factors can limit grass growth in early spring, resulting in potential feed deficits on farm. Aim The present study determined whether PA restrictions imposed in early lactation impair energy balance and metabolic health of the cow. Methods One hundred and five cows were assigned to one of seven grazing treatments from 14 March to 4 July 2016 (16 weeks). The control-treatment cows were offered a PA to achieve a post-grazing sward height of 3.5 cm. The cows on the remaining treatments were offered a PA representing 60% of that offered to the control cows for a duration of 2 or 6 weeks from 14 March (mid-March; MMx2 and MMx6), 28 March (end-March; EMx2 and EMx6) or 11 April (mid-April; MAx2 and MAx6). Measurements were collected over the final 2-week period of the restriction for each individual restricted treatment and the control treatment. Key results Restricting PA in early lactation (34–88 days in milk) resulted in a mean reduction in dry-matter intake (DMI) of 25%; however, DMI as a proportion of the control treatment declined for EMx6 (75% of control DMI achieved) and MAx6 (65%) compared with the MMx6 (78%), which may be attributable to changes in the sward, as the plant changes from the vegetative to reproductive phase during this period. The reduction in milk production, relative to the control treatment, was similar among all restricted treatments (18%), resulting in a 1.1-kg reduction in milk output per 1-kg reduction in DMI. However, there was no effect of PA restriction or duration on body condition score, energy balance or blood metabolites, suggesting that the animals used in the current study made sufficient physiological adaptions to partition energy for the maintenance of body reserves. Conclusion In conclusion, short-term restrictions of PA up to 25% of DMI, for up to 6 weeks, can be used as a management strategy to cope with feed deficits in early lactation without impairing normal metabolic function of the early lactation dairy cow. Implications The results of the present study identified the ability of the early lactation dairy cow at grass to adapt to short-term deficits in pasture availability, without affecting the metabolic functioning of the animals

The influence of the source of dietary fat on dairy cow performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
M.M. Abubakar ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
D.S. Parker ◽  
D.G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Cow Performance

It is well established that the dairy cow experiences a period of dietary energy deficit in early lactation. With its high energy density, fat has tremendous potential as a dietary supplement at this time providing it is included in a form and at a level which does not interfere with rumen function. The paper presents results from a trial investigating dairy cow performance when fed concentrates containing either a liquid (LF) or a dried protected fat (DF).

scholarly journals Does spring application of fertiliser urea reduce dairy cow performance?

2004 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
A. Ordóñez ◽  
C. Matthew ◽  
R.D. Miller ◽  
T. Parkinson ◽  
C.W. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Sugar Levels

This paper reports a field experiment and a farm survey, which aimed to find out if there is evidence that elevated herbage crude protein (CP):sugar levels have negative effects on dairy cow performance. Differences in herbage CP levels were induced by using nitrogen (+N) or withholding (-N) applied as fertiliser urea for two groups of 20 dairy cows in early lactation (August to November 2003). Cows fed urea-fertilised herbage had elevated milk urea levels (-N = 5.4 mmol/l, +N = 8.3 mmol/l, P

The influence of concentrate energy source on dairy cow performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 6-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sloan ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
D.G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Concentrate Energy ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Concentrate Energy Source

There is currently increasing interest in the diversity of materials which may be used as energy sources for dairy cow diets. Feeding of concentrates with a high “digestible fibre” content may be of benefit to the lactating dairy cow. In comparison with a concentrate based on a highly fermentable energy source such as cereal starch a concentrate high in digestible fibre content may undergo a slower fermentation within the rumen such that the resultant fermentation pattern may be altered. Diets and feeding regime's that promote low rumen volatile fatty acid ratios of acetic plus butyric:propionic have been associated with the production of milk of low fat content. Feeding of a high “digestible fibre” concentrate may therefore help prevent this problem. The purpose of the trial reported here was to compare the effects of concentrate energy source on the milk performance of dairy cows in early lactation.

scholarly journals 38 Effects of combining nose flap weaning with short-term creep feeding of beef calves on cow and calf performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Kendi Tjardes ◽  
Katy Lippolis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Term Creep ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Short Term Creep

Abstract One hundred four Angus calves were ranked by gender, BW, age, and dam parity, and assigned to 1 of 4 pre-weaning treatments: 1) nose flaps for 7-d prior to weaning (NF), 2) traditional weaning (TRAD), 3) traditional weaning and creep feed for 3-wk prior to weaning (TRADC), or 4) nose flaps for 7-d prior to weaning and creep feed for 3-wk prior to weaning (NFC). Cow-calf pairs were housed in dry lot pens on d -28. From d -21 to 0, calves in creep treatments were provided free choice access to creep feed. Nose flaps were placed on d -7, and calves were weaned on d 0. Calves were vaccinated and dewormed on d -21 and 0. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.97) in calf BW on d -28 or -21. During the 7-d period that nose flaps were placed, NFC calves had greater (P ≤ 0.0001) ADG than NF and TRAD calves, and tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.10) ADG than TRADC calves. At weaning on d 0, TRADC and NFC calves tended to have greater BW (P = 0.07) and had greater overall change in BW (P < 0.0001) during the pre-weaning period than TRAD and NF calves. Additionally, there was a greater (P ≤ 0.001) increase in BW of NFC and TRADC cows during the pre-weaning period compared to NF and TRAD cows. From d -21 to 0 there was no differences (P > 0.41) in plasma concentrations for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVD). By d 14, the TRADC calves had the greatest plasma concentrations for BVD (P < 0.04). Therefore, providing short-term creep feed prior to placing nose flaps can improve pre-weaning calf and cow performance compared to traditional and nose flap weaning without creep feed supplementation, however, did not improve response to vaccination.

Plasma leptin in transition dairy cows. Effects of body fatness, ambient temperature and dietary factors

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 92-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
S. Alasuutari ◽  
M. Nousiainen ◽  
T. Anttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In ruminants plasma leptin is increased with increasing body fatness. Leptin acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. It is possible that leptin has a key role in transition from pregnancy to lactation of dairy cows. The objective of the present work was to investigate the pattern of plasma leptin concentration, as well as its relationship with other hormones and metabolites and dairy cow performance.

scholarly journals Precalving and early lactation factors that predict milk casein and fertility in the transition dairy cow

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 7554-7567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Rodney ◽  
Jenianne K. Hall ◽  
Charlotte T. Westwood ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Ian J. Lean
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Transition Dairy Cow

143 Effect of Supplementary Selenium Source on Dairy Cow Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Apparent Absorption and Retention

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Keira M Cruickshank ◽  
Bayissa Hatew ◽  
Amanda M Gehman ◽  
Karen M Koenig ◽  
Eduardo S Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Cow Performance

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine how source of selenium (Se) affects dairy cow performance, antioxidant status, and apparent absorption and retention. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 24; 597 ± 49 kg BW) were blocked by days in milk (161 ± 18) and randomly assigned to receive 0.3 mg/kg of either: 1) organic Se (selenized yeast; ORG; Sel-Plex-Alltech); or, 2) inorganic Se (sodium selenite; INO) premix, top dressed and mixed into a ration daily. After an 11-week adaptation period (blood and milk sampled monthly), cows received an intraruminal dose of Se77 (either Se77 yeast or NaSe77O3) followed by a 4-day period of blood and rumen fluid sampling, and total collection of feces, urine, and milk. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS with fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction, and random effect of block. Daily DMI (23 ± 0.6 kg), milk yield (35 ± 1.2 kg), plasma glutathione peroxidase (64 ± 4.2 U), and serum Se (0.11 ± 0.003 µg/g) were not different between treatments during the adaptation period. Serum Se77 maximum concentration and area under the curve (AUC) were not different between treatments for 72 hours following infusion, but rumen fluid Se77 AUC was higher (P = 0.02) for ORG cows. Apparent absorption (64 ± 1.3%) and retention (44 ± 1.5%) of the Se77 dose did not differ between treatments. The ORG cows had lower urinary excretion (13 vs. 17 ± 0.6%; P < 0.01), higher milk excretion (6 vs. 2 ± 0.3%; P < 0.01), and similar fecal excretion (36 ± 1.3%; P = 0.9) of Se77 compared to INO cows. These results indicate that ORG Se increased Se content of milk and decreased Se excretion in urine, but did not alter performance, antioxidant status, and apparent absorption and retention of Se in mid-lactation cows.

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