Plasma leptin in transition dairy cows. Effects of body fatness, ambient temperature and dietary factors

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 92-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
S. Alasuutari ◽  
M. Nousiainen ◽  
T. Anttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In ruminants plasma leptin is increased with increasing body fatness. Leptin acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. It is possible that leptin has a key role in transition from pregnancy to lactation of dairy cows. The objective of the present work was to investigate the pattern of plasma leptin concentration, as well as its relationship with other hormones and metabolites and dairy cow performance.

The influence of long-term dietary inclusion of the antibiotic Actaplanin on dairy cow performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
M.M. Abubakar ◽  
P. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
A Performance

The antibiotic Actaplanin is a complex of glycopeptide compounds produced by Actinoplanes missourrensis. When included in feed as a performance enhancer it has been shown to increase milk production of dairy cows (McGuffey et al. 1983). Actaplanin is associated with reduced proportions of acetate and increased proportions of propionate in rumen fluid and a depression in milk fat proportion may result (Clapperton et al. 1987). The aim of the trial reported here was to monitor the effects of feeding 960 mg Actaplanin/head/d to dairy cows throughout two successive lactations.

Predicting the effects of body fatness on food intake and performance of sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
B. J. Tolkamp ◽  
J. M. Yearsley ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data

Food intake (FI) can be predicted on the basis of variables that describe food quality and the animal. Live weight (LW) is usually the only variable that is used to describe the animal. Animal fatness, as estimated by condition score (CS), can affect FI at a given LW. Body lipid produces signals (leptin) that affect energy intake and energy expenditure. If fatness acts on intake via its effect on energy expenditure, the effects of body lipid content on food intake can be incorporated into an existing intake model. Our objectives were to construct and test models that predict effects of fatness on intake and performance, using data obtained with ewe lambs to parameterise and test the models.

scholarly journals Does spring application of fertiliser urea reduce dairy cow performance?

2004 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
A. Ordóñez ◽  
C. Matthew ◽  
R.D. Miller ◽  
T. Parkinson ◽  
C.W. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Sugar Levels

This paper reports a field experiment and a farm survey, which aimed to find out if there is evidence that elevated herbage crude protein (CP):sugar levels have negative effects on dairy cow performance. Differences in herbage CP levels were induced by using nitrogen (+N) or withholding (-N) applied as fertiliser urea for two groups of 20 dairy cows in early lactation (August to November 2003). Cows fed urea-fertilised herbage had elevated milk urea levels (-N = 5.4 mmol/l, +N = 8.3 mmol/l, P

Effects of level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cattle performance and keratin production in the teat canal

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
C Cope ◽  
A M Mackenzie ◽  
D Wilde ◽  
L A Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Teat Canal ◽  
Recommended Level

The teat canal in dairy cows is lined with keratin, which is considered to be a natural physical and chemical barrier involved in providing resistance to bacteria gaining entry into the mammary gland. Keratin is partially removed during milking therefore requiring regeneration. It has been estimated that a cow needs to regenerate 1.3 mg per teat between each milking to replace the amount lost (Capuco et al., 1992). Zinc is important in the process of keratinisation and previous studies have reported an 2.4 kg/d increase in milk yield when supplemented with Zn in an organic form at the recommended level and an increase in somatic cell counts (SCC) in cattle receiving 0.66 of the recommended level of dietary Zn (Atkin et al., 2007), although mechanisms for this observation are unclear. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of level and form of Zn (organically chelated (Bioplex ZnTM; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, USA) vs. inorganic (ZnO)) and no supplemental Zn on dairy cow performance and keratin production in the teat canal.

The effect of extending the grazing season in early spring on dairy cow performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 50-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Sayers ◽  
C.S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Cow Performance

Previous studies (Mayne and Laidlaw 1995) have shown that early turnout of dairy cows to spring pasture for a few hours per day (extended grazing) reduces silage intake and increases animal performance relative to that of animals retained indoors. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of grazing severity and/or degree of silage restriction during the indoor feeding period on the response to extended grazing.

The effect of extending the grazing season in early spring on dairy cow performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
H.J. Sayers ◽  
C.S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Cow Performance

Previous studies (Mayne and Laidlaw 1995) have shown that early turnout of dairy cows to spring pasture for a few hours per day (extended grazing) reduces silage intake and increases animal performance relative to that of animals retained indoors. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of grazing severity and/or degree of silage restriction during the indoor feeding period on the response to extended grazing.

Effect of the level of concentrate supplementation, herbage allowance and milk yield at turn-out on the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation at grazing

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Delaby ◽  
J. L. Peyraud ◽  
R. Delagarde
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Cow Performance

AbstractIn order to establish the response of dairy cow performance to concentrate supplementation in contrasting grazing conditions and for cows differing in milk yield at turn-out, three experiments were conducted. Each year, two levels of herbage allowance were studied in interaction with four (experiment 1) or three (experiments 2 and 3) levels of concentrate on two groups of 30 to 40 mid-lactation Holstein cows producing between 20 and 46 kg milk at turnout. Amount of concentrate and herbage allowance ranged from 0 to 6 kg fresh weight and from 12 to 22 kg dry matter (DM) per cow per day respectively. The supplementation led to average responses, per kg DM concentrate, of 104 kg milk, +66 g/day body-weight gain, +0·19 g/kg milk protein and -0·57 g/kg milk fat. These responses remained linear up to 4 or 6 kg according to the years and treatments. The response to the concentrate did not vary with the milk yield or composition at turn-out. The increase in the herbage allowance from 12 to 16 kg DM per cow per day (experiment 1) improved milk yield (+1·2 kg/day) and milk protein (+0·7 g/kg) while the increase from 16 to 22 kg DM (experiments 2 and 3) had less effect (+0·5 kg/day milk yield and +0·4 g/kg milk protein). There was no clear interaction between concentrate supplementation and herbage allowance. Under the usual conditions of spring pasture, with cows in mid lactation, the use of a constant level of concentrate at grazing proves to be a technique of some interest.

scholarly journals Does body mass play a role in the regulation of food intake?

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Speakman ◽  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
Julian G. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Levels

It is widely believed that body fatness (and hence total body mass) is regulated by a lipostatic feedback system. This system is suggested to involve at least one peripheral signalling compound, which signals to the brain the current size of body fat stores. In the brain the level of the signal is compared with a desirable target level, and food intake and energy expenditure are then regulated to effect changes in the size of body fat stores. There is considerable support for this theory at several different levels of investigation. Patterns of body-mass change in subjects forced into energy imbalance seem to demonstrate homeostasis, and long-term changes in body mass are minor compared with the potential changes that might result from energy imbalance. Molecular studies of signalling compounds have suggested a putative lipostatic signal (leptin) and a complex network of downstream processing events in the brain, polymorphisms of which lead to disruption of body-mass regulation. This network of neuropeptides provides a rich seam of potential pharmaceutical targets for the control of obesity. Despite this consistent explanation for the observed phenomena at several different levels of enquiry, there are alternative explanations. In the present paper we explore the possibility that the existence of lipostatic regulation of body fatness is an illusion generated by the links between body mass and energy expenditure and responses to energy imbalance that are independent of body mass. Using computer-based models of temporal patterns in energy balance we show that common patterns of change in body mass following perturbation can be adequately explained by this ‘non-lipostatic’ model. This model has some important implications for the interpretations that we place on the molecular events in the brain, and ultimately in the search for pharmaceutical agents for alleviation of obesity.

Effects of level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
C. M. Atkin ◽  
A. M. Mackenzie ◽  
D. Wilde ◽  
L. A. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cow Health ◽  
Recommended Level

It is well established that zinc is an essential micro-nutrient required to maintain health and performance in dairy cows (Underwood and Suttle, 2004). Cattle diets are traditionally supplemented with inorganic minerals (e.g. zinc oxide), but these may be poorly absorbed, resulting in an economic and environmental cost due to excess minerals being excreted. It is claimed organically bound minerals are able to resist interaction before and at the absorption site in the small intestine (Power, 2006), which may result in a lower dietary inclusion rate being required. The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of an organically bound source of Zn as a replacement for inorganic Zn on dairy cow health and performance when supplemented at and below the recommended level.

Effect of dietary fenugreek seed on dairy cow performance and milk characteristics

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Shah ◽  
P. S. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Milk Characteristics

The effect of providing fenugreek seed at 20% of diet dry matter on dairy cow performance and milk characteristics was studied. Feeding fenugreek seed improved profile of functional fatty acids (P < 0.05) in the milk, reduced blood cholesterol concentration (by 4% units more than the control diet) and produced lower concentrations in milk (1.48 vs. 1.83 mg g-1 milk lipid) in a 3-wk study with dairy cows, without altering milk flavour or taste. Therefore, fenugreek seed could be used in dairy rations to improve milk characteristics. Key words: Fenugreek, cholesterol, dairy cows and fatty acids

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