Identification of the hybrid between Oryzias latipes and Oryzias curvinotus using nuclear genes and mitochondrial gene region

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Masaoka ◽  
Hiroyuki Okamoto ◽  
Kazuo Araki ◽  
Hiroyuki Nagoya ◽  
Atsushi Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Oryzias Curvinotus

Role of nuclear genes in expression of a mitochondrial tRNA gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
M Wesolowski ◽  
C Palleschi ◽  
L Frontali ◽  
H Fukuhara
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Trna Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Yeast Mitochondria ◽  
Mitochondrial Trna ◽  
Genetic Crosses ◽  
Mitochondrial Trna Gene

In yeast mitochondria, most of the isoaccepting species of tyrosyl tRNA are coded by a mitochondrial gene, tyrA. A particular isoaccepting species is coded by a second mitochondrial gene, tyrB. This gene is not expressed in certain strains of yeast which show no deficient phenotype. Genetic crosses between strains expressing or not expressing the tyrB gene demonstrate that expression is controlled by specific nuclear genes and that a mutation of the tyrA gene can be bypassed when the tyrB gene is operative.

Re-examination of the taxonomy of the Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis (Decapoda : Palaemonidae) species-complex: molecular evidence for a single species

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Murphy ◽  
John W. Short ◽  
Christopher M. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
North West ◽  
North East

The freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium australiense is distributed throughout the majority of inland, north-west, north-east and eastern drainages. Owing to the large amount of morphological divergence, both between and within catchments, this species has proven to be taxonomically difficult and, until recently, consisted of three separate species, each with subsequent subspecies. This study uses nucleotide sequences from the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene region to investigate the genetic relationships between populations and confirm the taxonomic status of M. australiense. The results from sequencing an approximately 450-bp fragment from this gene region from M. australiense sampled from 12 locations across inland, eastern and northern Australia identified very little variation. The variation found between 16S M. australiense haplotypes is much less than that found between Macrobrachium species, indicating that it is in fact a single species. The results are concordant with a recent morphological revision of Australian species in which nominal taxa of the M. australiense complex were synonymised.

scholarly journals Using DNA barcodes to assess identity and diversity of Dendropsophus minutus: Failure?

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1691 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ALEX SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The 5' end (Folmer or Barcode region) of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) has been proposed as the gene region of choice for a standardized animal DNA barcode (Hebert et al. 2003). Concerns have been raised regarding the decision to utilize this particular mitochondrial gene region as a barcode. Nevertheless, widely divergent taxonomic groups have reported success using CO1 for both species identification and discovery. The utility of CO1 for barcoding amphibians was raised early on (Vences, et al. 2005) and concerns for this group were reported widely (Waugh 2007)—although some considered that the reporting of the concerns outstripped the data that had been analyzed at that point (Smith et al. 2008). Indeed, our analysis of CO1 for a small group of Holarctic amphibians was neither more difficult to generate nor to analyze than for other groups where we have utilized the technique.

Evidence for mitochondrial gene control of mating types in Phytophthora

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 934-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Huan Gu ◽  
Wen-Hsiung Ko
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Decisive Effect ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Fusion Products

When protoplasts carrying metalaxyl-resistant (Mr) nuclei from the A1 isolate of Phytophthora parasitica were fused with protoplasts carrying chloroneb-resistant (Cnr) nuclei from the A2 isolate of the same species, fusion products carrying Mr nuclei were either the A2 or A1A2 type, while those carrying Cnr nuclei were the A1, A2, or A1A2 type. Fusion products carrying Mr and Cnr nuclei also behaved as the A1, A2, or A1A2 type. The result refutes the hypothesis that mating types in Phytophthora are controlled by nuclear genes. When nuclei from the A1 isolate of P. parasitica were fused with protoplasts from the A2 isolate of the same species and vice versa, all of the nuclear hybrids expressed the mating type characteristics of the protoplast parent. The same was true when the nuclei from the A1 isolate of P. parasitica were fused with the protoplasts from the A0 isolate of Phytophthora capsici and vice versa. These results confirm the observation that mating type genes are not located in the nuclei and suggest the presence of mating type genes in the cytoplasms of the recipient protoplasts. When mitochondria from the A1 isolate of P. parasitica were fused with protoplasts from the A2 isolate of the same species, the mating type of three out of five regenerated protoplasts was changed to the A1 type. The result demonstrated the decisive effect of mitochondrial donor sexuality on mating type characteristics of mitochondrial hybrids and suggested the presence of mating type genes in mitochondria. All of the mitochondrial hybrids resulting from the transfer of mitochondria from the A0 isolate of P. capsici into protoplasts from the A1 isolate of P. parasitica were all of the A0 type. The result supports the hypothesis of the presence of mating type genes in mitochondria in Phytophthora.Key words: mating type, mitochondrial gene, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora capsici.

Translational regulation of mitochondrial gene expression by nuclear genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1988 ◽  
Vol 319 (1193) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Translation ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Sites Of Action

We describe several yeast nuclear mutations that specifically block expression of the mitochondrial genes encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunits II (COXII) and III (COXIII). These recessive mutations define positive regulators of mitochondrial gene expression that act at the level of translation. Mutations in the nuclear gene PET111 completely block accumulation of COXII, but the COXII mRNA is present in mutant cells at a level approximately one-third of that of the wild type. Mitochondrial suppressors of pet 111 mutations correspond to deletions in mtDNA that result in fusions between the cox II structural gene and other mitochondrial genes. The chimeric mRNAs encoded by these fusions are translated in pet 111 mutants; this translation leads to accumulation of functional COXII. The PET111 protein probably acts directly on cox II translation, because it is located in mitochondria. Translation of the mitochondrially coded mRNA for COXIII requires the action of at least three nuclear genes, PET 494, and a newly discovered gene, provisionally termed PET 55. Both the PET494 and PET54 proteins are located in mitochondria and therefore probably act directly on the mitochondrial translation system. Mutations in all three genes are suppressed in strains that contain chimeric cox III mRNAs with the 5'-untranslated leaders of other mitochondrial transcripts fused to the cox III coding sequence. The products of all three nuclear genes may form a complex and carry out a single function. A direct demonstration that the wild-type nuclear gene products act in the cox III 5'-leader has been obtained by showing that they are all required for translation of apocytochrome b from a novel mRNA consisting of the cox lIl 5'-leader attached to the cytochrome b coding sequence. The site (or sites) of action maps at least 172 bases upstream from the cox lll initiation codon in the 600 base cox III leader. Others have reported evidence which suggests that cox Ill translation is repressed by glucose. Consistently with the possibility that the nuclear genes described here may play a role in modulating mitochondrial gene expression, we have found that PET 494 expression is glucose-repressed.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data are not an improvement for species identification in Scleractinian corals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wares
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B

There are well-known difficulties in using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene region for population genetics and DNA barcoding in corals. A recent study of species divergence in the endemic Caribbean genus Agaricia reinforced such knowledge. However, the growing availability of whole mitochondrial genomes may help indicate more promising gene regions for species delineation. I assembled the whole mitochondrial genome for Agaricia fragilis from Illumina single-end 250bp reads and compared this sequence to that of the congener A. humilis. Although these data suggest that the cytochrome b (CYB) gene region is more promising, comparison of all available Scleractinian CYB sequence data indicates that multilocus approaches are still probably necessary for phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of recently-diverged coral taxa.

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