Structural and morphological studies on alkaline pre-treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber for composite production

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Latip ◽  
A.H. Sofian ◽  
M.F. Ali ◽  
S.N. Ismail ◽  
D.M.N.D. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Composite Production ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Hydrothermal pre-treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch into fermentable sugars

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 012042 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Muhd Ali ◽  
P Tamunaidu ◽  
A K H Nor Aslan ◽  
N A Morad ◽  
N Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Cellulose Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Yi Hang Wong ◽  
Eamon Marcus T-Z Chew ◽  
Pey Yi Toh ◽  
Lee Muei Chng
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with a cellulose content of 39 wt% is a good promise to be an alternative lignocellulosic feedstock for cellulose production through environmentally friendly extraction process. Therefore, this research was aimed to establish an effective cellulose extraction scheme from OPEFB via introduction of ultrasonication in the alkaline pulping stage for process intensification. The process could greatly reduce alkali solvent usage for cellulose extraction, hence alleviating the environmental impact caused by chemical disposal. Firstly, four distinct pre-treatment techniques had been used to pre-treat the OPEFB powder, namely autoclave, organosolv, acid and microwave pre-treatments. Afterwards, the pre-treated samples further underwent ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction to extract the cellulose content. It was observed that the autoclave pre-treated ultrasonic extract achieved the highest cellulose content of 77.14 wt% at optimum KOH concentration of 0.75 M, ultrasonic amplitude of 30%, duration of 30 min and temperature of 80 °C. Therefore, the introduction of ultrasonication in alkali extraction of cellulose was indeed an effective approach in establishing a green production scheme of cellulose from lignocellulose.

The effects of production parameters on properties of single and 3-layer cement-bonded composites made from oil palm empty fruit bunch and tropical hardwood sawmill residue

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Onuorah ◽  
C.A. Okeke ◽  
J. T. Nwabanne ◽  
E. L. C. Nnabuife ◽  
S. O. M. Obiorah
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Tropical Hardwood ◽  
Morphological Studies

Cement bonded composites of 1250 kg/m3 were made in the laboratory either as single layer composed of exclusively oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB); Tropical hardwood sawmill residue (THSR) or randomly mixed particles (40% of EFB and 60% of THSR oven dry wt/wt) OR of 3-layer composed of 1:2:1 ratio (for face layer of THSR; core layer of EFB and back layer of THSR particles, wt/wt, respectively). Composites were produced at 4 levels of CaCl2 addition (0, 1, 2 and 3% wt/wt based on cement wt) and 6 levels of initial water content of the cement/aggregate mixture (2.5:1:0.5; 2.5:1:1; 2.5:1:1.5; 2.5:1:2; 2.5:1:2.5 and 2.5:1:3; ratio wt/wt based on cement wt plus oven dry wt of particles). Proximate chemical analysis of representative samples reveal hollocellulose content (77.35 and 74.11%); a-cellulose (43.51 and 52.01%); Hemicellulose (22.9 and 20.2%). Lignin (17.8 and 22.5%); Ash (0.91 and 1.85%) and solubility in Alcohol-benzene (1.6 and 3.98%); cold water (2.42 and 3.15%); Hot water (2.93 and 5.06%); and 1% NaOH (23.4 and 26.11%) respectively for EFB and THSR. Also Morphological studies reveal mean fiber length (1.06 and 1.18mm); Fiber diameter (11.75 and 17.40μm), slenderness ratio (55.79 and 35.98) and Rigidity co-efficient (0.38 and 0.47) respectively for EFB and THSR. The above make both particle sources suitable substitutes for virgin fiber/particles from hardwoods. A total of 192 composites were made representing two panels per production mix. Composites were sampled and tested in accordance with provisions of ASTM D1037-2007. Composite properties ranges are MOR (2.61–20.81 MPa); MOE (2180–5764 MPa); IB (0.28–0.75 MPa). WA (16.41–28.11%) and TS (1.26–5.98%). Properties were evaluated and only production mix that met both the requirements of International Organization for Standardization (10S 8335–1987) and Malaysian Standard Institute (MS 934–1984) were recommended. Acceptable composites were produced from production mix of initial water content ≥1.5 or 30% (based on cement wt + oven dry wt of particles, wt/wt) and 2 or 3% CaCl2 additive in case of single layer composites while ≥ 2 or 36.36% of initial water content is required in 3-layer composite using same additive level. The effects of furnish type and composition, additive level and initial water content on properties were all found significant (P > 0.01) in factorial analysis.

scholarly journals Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0258065
Author(s):  
F. M. Y. Nur-Nazratul ◽  
M. R. M. Rakib ◽  
M. Z. Zailan ◽  
H. Yaakub
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pre Treatment

The changes in lignocellulosic biomass composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) after pre-treatment with the fungus Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the pre-treatment for 2–12 weeks has gradually degraded the OPEFB in a time-dependent manner; whereby lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were respectively degraded by 41.0, 20.5, and 26.7% at the end of the incubation period. The findings were corroborated using the physical examination of the OPEFB by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the OPEFB pre-treated for 12 weeks has shown the highest in vitro digestibility of dry (77.20%) and organic (69.78%) matter, where they were enhanced by 104.07 and 96.29%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. The enhancement in the in vitro ruminal digestibility was negatively correlated with the lignin content in the OPEFB. Therefore, biologically delignified OPEFB with G. lucidum fungal culture pre-treatment have the potential to be utilized as one of the ingredients for the development of a novel ruminant forage.

scholarly journals Effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on low temperature acid hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (24) ◽  
pp. 9792-9796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robiah Yunus ◽  
Shanti Faridah Salleh ◽  
Nurhafizah Abdullah ◽  
Dyg Radiah Awg Biak
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Potential of Oil Palm (Elaeisguineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres Cement Composites for Building Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo E. Omoniyi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Chemical Additive ◽  
Bonded Composite ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study was designed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of cement-bonded composite made from oil palm (Elaeisguineensis) empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres. The production variables investigated were pre-treatment of fibres with water at varying temperatures (cold, 60°C and 100°C), five chemical additive (NaOH) concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%), OPEFB fibres ash content at three cement replacement levels (10%, 20%, and 30%) and three fibre contents (5%, 10%, and 15%) by weight of cement. The composites were tested for modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding strength (IBS), compressive strength, density, thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA). The pre-treatment of fibre with water at a temperature of 60°C and a NaOH concentration of 8% significantly enhanced and modified the performance of the composites. It increased MOE (from 5.5 to 8.9GPa) and MOR (from 3.6 to 7.3MPa), and decreased WA (from 26.2 to 12.8%) and TS (from 2.5 to 0.5%). The results revealed that pre-treatment of fibres, partially replacing cement with OPEFB fibre ash and fibre contents had a marked influence on the properties of the composite board produced (p< 0.05). It was concluded that pre-treatment of OPEFB fibres, when optimised, enhanced the sorption resistance and some mechanical properties of the cement composite.

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