Bottleneck shifting in serial line production: An investigation with different order release methods

The use of in vivo haploid induction system makes the doubled haploid (DH) technology easier to adopt for the conventional maize breeders. However, despite having played an important role in the initial developmental phases of DH technology, Indian maize research has yet to harvest its benefits. Haploid Inducer Lines (HILs) developed by CIMMYT are being widely used in maize breeding programmes in many countries including India. There, however, is no published information on the efficiency of DH line production using CIMMYT HILs in Indian maize breeding programmes. In the present study, the efficiency of DH production using CIMMYT’s tropically adapted inducer line TAILP1 was investigated with eight source populations including two of sweet corn. The average haploid induction rate (HIR) of TAILP1 was 5.48% with a range of 2.01 to 10.03%. Efficiency of DH production ranged from 0.14 to 1.87% for different source populations with an average of 1.07%. The information generated will be useful for maize breeders intending to use DH technology for accelerated development of completely homozygous lines.

Download Full-text

Respect for the Environment is Part of Competitiveness - Best Available Technology Applied to an Old Pulp Mill at Kaskinen

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0713 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (11-12) ◽

pp. 201-206

Author(s):

I. Reilama ◽

N. Ilomäki

Keyword(s):

Process Development ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Process Technology ◽

Line Production ◽

Nutrient Emissions ◽

Best Available Technology ◽

Available Technology ◽

Process Solutions

Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab's Kaskinen mill produces ECF and TCF bleached softwood and hardwood pulp on a single continuous production line. Production capacity has been raised from 250,000 tonnes to 420,000 tonnes a year after the commission in 1977. The basic process solutions date mainly from the 1970s. However, process technology has been gradually modernised. With systematic and well-timed process development investments the mill has remained competitive and among frontrunners in terms of environmental protection. Today, Kaskinen represent the best available technology (BAT) applicable to old mills. Effluent loading in general and nutrient emissions in particular has diminished during the development projects of the mill. Comparison to other mills shows that as far as effluent emissions are concerned, Kaskinen is one of the best pulp mills in Finland and Scandinavia. In this presentation, Kaskinen is also compared to Metsä-Rauma, the first greenfield TCF mill in the world, which was started up in 1996. Kaskinen's pioneering work on TCF technology was used as a basis for process solutions in the Rauma greenfield project.

Download Full-text

Fractional SIR-Model for Estimating Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 in India

J ◽

10.3390/j4020008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 86-100

Author(s):

Nita H. Shah ◽

Ankush H. Suthar ◽

Ekta N. Jayswal ◽

Ankit Sikarwar

Keyword(s):

Basic Reproduction Number ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Sir Model ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Contact Rate ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Fundamental Parameters ◽

Different Order ◽

The Basic Reproduction Number

In this article, a time-dependent susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model is constructed to investigate the transmission rate of COVID-19 in various regions of India. The model included the fundamental parameters on which the transmission rate of the infection is dependent, like the population density, contact rate, recovery rate, and intensity of the infection in the respective region. Looking at the great diversity in different geographic locations in India, we determined to calculate the basic reproduction number for all Indian districts based on the COVID-19 data till 7 July 2020. By preparing district-wise spatial distribution maps with the help of ArcGIS 10.2, the model was employed to show the effect of complete lockdown on the transmission rate of the COVID-19 infection in Indian districts. Moreover, with the model's transformation to the fractional ordered dynamical system, we found that the nature of the proposed SIR model is different for the different order of the systems. The sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number is done graphically which forecasts the change in the transmission rate of COVID-19 infection with change in different parameters. In the numerical simulation section, oscillations and variations in the model compartments are shown for two different situations, with and without lockdown.

Download Full-text

Time-Domain Analysis of Fractional Electrical Circuit Containing Two Ladder Elements

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10040475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 475

Author(s):

Ewa Piotrowska ◽

Krzysztof Rogowski

Keyword(s):

Fractional Derivative ◽

Fractional Derivatives ◽

Electric Circuit ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Time Domain Analysis ◽

Electrical Circuit ◽

State Variable ◽

State Space System ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Different Order

The paper is devoted to the theoretical and experimental analysis of an electric circuit consisting of two elements that are described by fractional derivatives of different orders. These elements are designed and performed as RC ladders with properly selected values of resistances and capacitances. Different orders of differentiation lead to the state-space system model, in which each state variable has a different order of fractional derivative. Solutions for such models are presented for three cases of derivative operators: Classical (first-order differentiation), Caputo definition, and Conformable Fractional Derivative (CFD). Using theoretical models, the step responses of the fractional electrical circuit were computed and compared with the measurements of a real electrical system.

Download Full-text

Roll-to-Roll In-Line Implementation of Microwave Free-Space Non-Destructive Evaluation of Conductive Composite Thin Layer Materials

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 378

Author(s):

Grigorios Koutsoukis ◽

Ivan Alic ◽

Antonios Vavouliotis ◽

Ferry Kienberger ◽

Kamel Haddadi

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Free Space ◽

Near Field ◽

Line Production ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Corrugated Horn ◽

Evaluation Module ◽

Microwave Nondestructive Testing ◽

Non Destructive

A free-space microwave nondestructive testing and evaluation module is developed for the low-power, non-ionizing, contactless, and real-time characterization of doped composite thin-film materials in an industrial context. The instrumentation proposed is built up with a handled vector network analyzer interfaced with corrugated horn antennas to measure the near-field complex reflection S11 of planar prepreg composite materials in a roll-to-roll in-line production line. Dedicated modeling and calibrations routines are developed to extract the microwave conductivity from the measured microwave signal. Practical extraction of the radiofrequency (RF) conductivity of thin film prepreg composite materials doped with nano-powders is exemplary shown at the test frequency of 10 GHz.

Download Full-text