The role of androgen receptors in atherosclerosis

The pilosebaceous unit is a sebaceous gland with hair follicles. One of the hormones that affects the pilosebaceous unit is androgen, a steroid hormone that plays an important role in the expression of the phenotype of men and women. Androgen consist of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone which are activated by androgen receptors. Androgen in the pilosebaceous unit affect sebum production and hair growth. Androgen receptors in the sebaceous glands are found on sebocytes and in hair follicles in the dermal papillae of hair follicles

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PD21-04 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LICHEN SCLEROSUS URETHRAL STRICTURES: THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION, VIRAL INFECTION, AND ANDROGEN RECEPTORS

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.1159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 199 (4S) ◽

Author(s):

Alison Levy ◽

Brendan Browne ◽

Kristian Stensland ◽

Jennifer Bennett ◽

Ariel Fredrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Infection ◽

Androgen Receptors ◽

Lichen Sclerosus ◽

Urethral Strictures

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The Role of Testosterone in Aggression

McGill Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26443/mjm.v6i1.559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katherine Simpson

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptors ◽

Androgen Receptors ◽

Critical Time ◽

Review Article ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Mediating Effects ◽

Time Period ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Firm Evidence

This review article explores the evidence that testosterone is significantly correlated with certain forms of aggression in a number of animals, although firm evidence is lacking for humans. Studies have revealed that structures within the limbic system are particularly involved in the elicitation of aggression and are sexually dimorphic. Testosterone can exert its effects in one of two ways: either on androgen receptors after conversion to 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone or on estrogen receptors after aromatization to estradiol. It can act via genomic mechanisms to induce production of proteins or via non genomic mechanisms to modulate neural activity. Androgen and estrogen receptors are also found along neurotransmitter pathways. As such, testosterone is able to modulate levels of various neurotransmitters that show evidence of mediating effects on aggressive behaviour. In addition, recent evidence suggests that these neurotransmitters are involved in processes such as olfaction and arousal and suggestions have been put forward explaining how testosterone may modulate these processes. However there is a critical time period early in life, usually within the first few days after birth, during which testosterone exposure is essential to elicit aggression in adulthood. It is thought that testosterone and its metabolites sensitize an androgen-responsive system, while estrogenic metabolites establish the capacity to fight in response to estrogenic stimulation later in life. Despite this, testosterone is only one of a myriad of factors that influence aggression and the effects of previous experience and environmental stimuli have at times been found to correlate more strongly.

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Molecular Mechanisms and Bioavailability of Polyphenols in Prostate Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20051062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Teodora Costea ◽

Péter Nagy ◽

Constanța Ganea ◽

János Szöllősi ◽

Maria-Magdalena Mocanu

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Androgen Receptors ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Prostate Cancer Prevention ◽

Long Latency ◽

The One ◽

Lines Of Evidence

Prostate cancer is the one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among men over the age of 50. Several lines of evidence support the observation that polyphenols have preventive and therapeutic effects in prostate cancer. Moreover, prostate cancer is ideal for chemoprevention due to its long latency. We propose here an equilibrated lifestyle with a diet rich in polyphenols as prophylactic attempts to slow down the progression of localized prostate cancer or prevent the occurrence of the disease. In this review, we will first summarize the molecular mechanisms of polyphenols in prostate cancer with a focus on the antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, androgen receptors (AR), key molecules involved in AR signaling and their transactivation pathways, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, genetic aspects, and epigenetic mechanisms. The relevance of the molecular mechanisms is discussed in light of current bioavailability data regarding the activity of polyphenols in prostate cancer. We also highlight strategies for improving the bioavailability of polyphenols. We hope that this review will lead to further research regarding the bioavailability and the role of polyphenols in prostate cancer prevention and treatment.

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