Determination of a pH threshold for dark cutting beef based on visual evaluation by Asian consumers

Meat Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 108347
Author(s):  
Yining Zhang ◽  
Benjamin W.B. Holman ◽  
Yanwei Mao ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Asian Consumers

scholarly journals The Compared Efficiency of the Traditional Method, Radiography without Contrast and Radiography with Contrast in the Determination of Infestation by Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) in Maize Seeds

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Eva Rezende Leite ◽  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Fabiano França-Silva ◽  
Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Maize Seeds

Technologies that increase safety and efficiency, while facilitating and streamlining the work of seed analysts, are increasingly required by the seed industry. X-ray image analysis is a technique that has been used in the analysis of grain and seeds because it is fast, accurate and non-destructive. The traditional method to verify the presence of insect damage in seeds involves manual cutting of the seeds, which endangers the safety of the analyst and is time-consuming and repetitive work that leads to visual fatigue. The objective of this study was to compared the efficiency of radiographic analysis with and without contrast in the determination of infestation by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), at different stages of development, in maize seeds, compared to the traditional method required by seed legislation, which consists of cutting and visual evaluation. Seeds were evaluated regarding the presence of eggs/oviposition signs, larvae, pupae, adult insects, insect damage in five infestation periods (5, 18, 33 and 35 days after infestation), while evaluating the total number of seeds infested, comparing the three methods. For characterization of the oviposition stage, the use of contrast was best at all times of infestation. For the larval stage, there was no difference between the evaluation methods; however, at 18 days, larger infestations were observed by the traditional method. At 5 days, the identification of pupae was better by the traditional method and radiography without contrast, while for the identification of adult insects the best method was the use of radiography without contrast. The characterization of the level of infestation with maize weevil damage was best verified using contrast radiography. Radiographic analysis is efficient in the detection of damage caused by S. zeamais in maize seeds. This method of radiographic analysis (with or without contrast) is thus an auxiliary tool to assess the damage and presence of S. zeamais in maize seeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of egg yolk colour 

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bovšková ◽  
K. Míková ◽  
Z. Panovská
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
A Current

We compare visual evaluation of yolk colour estimated by the usual method applying La Roche scale with spectrophotometric determination of &beta;-carotene by AOAC method, and by new rapid analyser iCheck<sup>TM</sup> Egg photometer (BioAnalyt). The eggs under consideration were purchased on a current Czech market. The eggs originated from various countries and various types of breeding including some specialities. The yolk colour varied between the values of 4&ndash;13 of La Roche scale. The carotenoid content expressed as &beta;-carotene measured by AOAC method varied between 11&ndash;87 mg/kg. The carotenoid content expressed as &beta;-carotene measured with the analyser iCheck<sup>TM</sup> Egg photometer was lower and varied between 7.5&ndash;68.5 mg/kg. The correlation between the colour hue measured visually and the carotenoid content was not proved. Slovak eggs from cages which contained 28.3 mg carotenoids in 1 kg of yolk had the darkest yolks (value 13), Czech bio eggs which contained 20.2 mg carotenoids in 1 kg of yolk had the palest yolks (value 6). The highest content of carotenoids was found in eggs from home hen breeding (72.5 mg carotenoids in 1 kg of yolk) whose colour hue had the value of 10.

scholarly journals Evaluation of freezing injury in temperate fruit trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-794
Author(s):  
Duk Jun Yu ◽  
Hee Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Cultural Strategies ◽  
Analysis Determination

Abstract Freezing is a major environmental stress limiting the geographical distribution, growth, and productivity of temperate fruit trees. The extent of freezing injury in the trees depends on the rate at which the temperature decreases, the minimum temperature reached, and the duration of the freezing conditions. The ability to tolerate freezing temperatures under natural conditions varies greatly among fruit tree species, cultivars, and tissues. Freezing injury must be precisely evaluated to reliably predict the winter survival and productivity of the trees in specific regions, to screen for tolerant species and cultivars, and to develop cultural strategies that reduce freezing stress. Various methods are used to evaluate freezing injury in temperate fruit trees under field and artificial conditions, including visual evaluation of tissue discoloration, thermal analysis, determination of electrolyte leakage, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction analysis. In this review, we describe the most frequently used experimental procedures for evaluating freezing injury.

scholarly journals The effect of the barley variety, location and year crop on the haze of congress wort

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Psota ◽  
Z. Skulilová ◽  
J. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Nephelometric Method ◽  
Apparent Attenuation ◽  
The Relationship

The study set consisted of eleven barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) varieties grown at four different locations for a three-year period. The malting characteristics were determined in all samples. The results obtained using the traditional visual evaluation of wort clarity were compared with those obtained nephelometerically. The results indicate a considerable effect of a variety on the wort haze (30–40%). The effect of location on the wort haze varied from 13–22%, the effect of year was small. The level of wort haze or wort clarity split the set of the varieties under study to clearly distinguishable groups. The worts from the varieties Annabell and Nordus inclined to form wort haze. Statistically significant or highly significant correlation was found between the wort haze and clarity and the relative extract at 45°C, diastatic power, final apparent attenuation, and saccharification time. The relationship between the wort haze or clarity and other technological parameters was not statistically significant in most cases. The correlation coefficient between the haze at 15° or 90° (nephelometric method) and wort clarity (visual method) was 0.89. The nephelometric determination of wort haze completely replaces the traditional subjective evaluation of wort clarity. Keywords:

scholarly journals Assessment efficiency aesthetic results of modern methods for determining the color of teeth in prosthodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
G. Hakobyan ◽  
◽  
L. Essayain ◽  
N. Vanyan ◽  
A. Hakobyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Color Determination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Abstracts. Shade matching is one of the most important factor in a successful and esthetically restoration. The number of mistakes made by dentists when choosing a color is 14 % (according to Barna), 9.9 % (according to Moser) and 8.2 % (according to Mc Maugh). The ability to consistently match shades accurately can help reduce the number of unsatisfactory esthetic results treatment. Matching the right color leads to a pleasing appearance and satisfaction for the patient and the clinician. Color determination in dentistry can be divided into two categories visual and instrumental. The most popular shade guides include visual classical shade the Vita Classical and are clustered into letter groups A (red-yellow), B (yellow), C (grey), D (red-yellow-gray), and chroma designated with the numerical values (e.g. A1). Used computerassisted shade analysis is more accurate and more consistent compared with human shade assessment. The objective of the study a comparative assess of the esthetic indicators of the prosthodontics treatment when determining color using visual and instrumental methods. For the period from 2015–2020 prosthodontic treatment of 158 patients with dental defects was performed. To assess the esthetic results of treatment, the patient was divided into 2 groups. In 1 group (n = 82) patients, the color determination of the prosthodontics design was carried out using standard colors according to the usual VITA scale. In 2 group (n = 76) patients, the color determination of the prosthodontics design was carried out using a color measuring device VITA Easy shade Compact. The results showed that the Vita Easy Shade machine was accurate 97.5 %, visual evaluation method was accurate 85.2 %. This study reveals that esthetic results is a significant factor in patient satisfaction, which should be evaluated. Instrumental methods for determining the color of teeth are more accurate than visual and do not depend on the subjective sensations and psychological factors of the dentist. At the moment, the combination of the Vita Easy shade system and the 3D Vita scale is the most effective in determining tooth shade or restoration. However, the instrumental method cannot replace traditional methods. Digital techniques should be a must in addition to visual analysis.

scholarly journals Choice of tracers for the evaluation of spray deposits

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Palladini ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
Edivaldo Domingues Velini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Sodium Fluorescein ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Tracer Solution ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Density Of Solutions

Tracer substances, used to evaluate spraying effectiveness, ordinarily modify the surface tension of aqueous solutions. This study aimed to establish a method of using tracers to evaluate distribution and amount of spray deposits, adjusted to the surface tension of the spraying solution. The following products were tested: 0.15% Brilliant Blue, 0.15% Saturn Yellow in 0.015% Vixilperse lignosulfonate, and 0.005% sodium fluorescein, and mixtures of Brilliant Blue plus Saturn Yellow and Brilliant Blue plus sodium fluorescein at the same concentrations. Solutions were deposited on citrus leaves and stability was determined by measuring fluorescence and optical density of solutions without drying, dried in the dark and exposed to sunlight for 2, 4 and 8 h. These values were compared to those obtained directly in water. The static surface tension of the tracer solution was determined by weighing droplets formed during a period of 20 to 40 seconds. The Brilliant Blue and Saturn Yellow mixture at 0.15% was stable under all conditions tested. It was not absorbed by the leaves and maintained the same surface tension as that of water, thus permitting concentration adjustment to the same levels used for agrochemical products, and allowing the development of a qualitative method based on visual evaluation of the distribution of the pigment under ultraviolet light and of a quantitative method based on the determination of the amount of the dye deposited in the same solution. Spray deposition could be evaluated at different surface tensions of the spraying solution, simulating the effect of agrochemical formulations.

scholarly journals Sensory and Visual Evaluation of Six Different Beef Shank Cuts from Asian Consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Wu ◽  
E. Rice ◽  
B. Olson ◽  
T. O’Quinn ◽  
T. Houser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Asian Consumers

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate factors affecting Asian consumers’ purchasing decisions and eating preferences of six different beef shank cuts.Materials and MethodsSix shank cuts, three from forequarter [biceps brachii (shank A); a combination of deep digital flexor and flexor digitorum superficialis (shank B); extensor carpi radialis (shank C)], and three from hindquarter [flexor digitorum superficialis (shank D); deep digital flexor (shank E), a combination of long digital extensor, medial digital extensor and peroneus tertius (shank F)] were collected from 12 USDA low choice beef carcasses (n = 72). Shanks from the left side of the carcasses were used for consumer panels and stewed in water for 90 min at 98°C. Asian consumers (n = 91) from Manhattan, KS, evaluated samples for connective tissue texture, amount of connective tissue, juiciness, flavor, overall texture (a combination of myofibrillar tenderness and connective tissue texture) and sensory overall liking. Consumers (n = 84) also visually evaluated the size, surface color and visual overall liking of shank samples from the right side of the carcasses. Finally, consumers rated each sample as either acceptable or unacceptable. All ratings were done on either a Just About Right (JAR) or a continuous line scale.ResultsShanks A, C, D and F received similar scores close to JAR (P > 0.05) for connective tissue texture. Connective tissue texture of shank E was harder than shanks A and D, and shank B was the hardest of all (P < 0.01). For connective tissue amount, shanks A, D, and E received ratings close to JAR (P > 0.05). Consumers rated shank B with too much and shank C and F with too little (P < 0.01) connective tissue. Shanks A, D, and F received similar ratings close to JAR for juiciness (P > 0.05), while shanks C and E were rated less juicy, and shank B was the least juicy among all (P < 0.01). For overall texture, shanks A, D, and F received similar ratings close to JAR (P > 0.05), and shanks C and E were tougher than those rated JAR (P < 0.01). Again, shank B was the toughest among all for overall texture (P < 0.01). Shanks A, D, and F received the highest sensory overall liking scores, followed by shanks C and E, and shank B received the lowest overall liking score among all the shank cuts (P < 0.01). All shank cuts received high sensory acceptability scores (> 85%) except for shank B (62%; P < 0.01). Shanks A and C both received scores that were close to JAR for shank size. Consumers indicated that shanks B, E, and F were too big in size, while shank D was too small (P < 0.01). However, shanks B, C, E, and F had the greatest and similar raw weight (P > 0.05), followed by shank A, while shank D was the lightest of all (P < 0.01). For visual overall liking, shanks A and C received the highest scores, followed by shanks B, E, and F, and shank D received the lowest score (P < 0.05). Shanks A and C were most visually acceptable (> 95%), while shanks B, D, E, and F were less acceptable than shanks A and C (> 70%; P < 0.01). Finally, consumers indicated that there was no difference in flavor and surface color among different shank cuts (P > 0.05).ConclusionConnective tissue texture and amount directly affected Asian consumers’ eating preference for different beef shank cuts, while shank size was the main factor affecting their purchasing decision.

scholarly journals Sensory and Visual Evaluation of Six Different Beef Shank Cuts from Asian Consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
W. J. Wu ◽  
E. Rice ◽  
B. Olson ◽  
T. O’Quinn ◽  
T. Houser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Asian Consumers

Grading of Soybean Leaf Disease Based on Segmented Image Using K-means Clustering

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Balkrishna Jadhav ◽  
Sanjay B. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Good Agreement

Traditional method used for disease scoring scale to grade the plant diseases is mainly based on neckaed eye observation by agriculture expert or plant pathlogiest. In this method percentage scale was exclusively used to define different disease severities in an illustrated series of disease assessment keys for field crops.The assessment of plant leaf diseases using this aaproach which may be subjective, time consuming and cost effective.Also aacurate grading of leaf diseases is essential to the determination of pest control measures. In order to improve this process, here we propose a technique for automatically quantifying the damaged leaf area using k means clustering, which uses square Euclidian distances method for partition of leaf image.For grading of soybean leaf disese which appear on leaves based on segmented diseased region are done automatically by estiamting thae ratio of the unit pixel expressed under diseased region area and unit pixel expressed under Leaf region area.For experiment purpose samples of Bacterial Leaf Blight Septoria Brown spot, Bean Pod Mottle Virus infected soybean leaf images were taken for analysis.Finally estiamated diseased severity and its grading is compared with  manual scoring based on conventional illustrated key diagram was conducted. Comparative assessment results showed a good agreement between the numbers of percentage scale grading obtained by manual scoring and by image analysis The result shows that the proposed method is precise and reliable than visual evaluation performed by patahlogiest.

scholarly journals A new technique for the measurement of show-through mottle of fine paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
JEAN-PHILIPPE BERNIE ◽  
JULIE TALBOT ◽  
HARSHAD PANDE
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Machine Control ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Relationship

Mottling within print-through and show-through is caused by the variability of the local optical properties of the sheet. This mottling is visually disturbing and a mark of poor paper quality. The ability to predict print-through mottle of printed paper by measuring show-through mottle on the unprinted sheet would be a valuable asset for paper machine control. We examined the relationship between print-through mottle and show-through mottle. We worked with nine samples of 60 lb. uncoated fine paper (90 g/m2), from various North American paper companies, that were printed on an offset press, 400K (400% Black), on both sides. A show-through mottle instrumental determination technique was developed using an existing Fast Fourier Transform-based algorithm. The nine samples examined were ranked similarly by the visual evaluation of print-through mottle and by the instrumental determination of show-through mottle. We thus established that show-through on the unprinted sheet can be used as a reliable predictor of print-through, therefore saving time and money for papermakers. We also found a significant two-sidedness in show-through for some of the samples.

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