Biocontrol arsenals of bacterial endophyte: An imminent triumph against clubroot disease

Raphanus sativus, an important cruciferous vegetable, has been increasingly affected by clubroot disease. Establishing a stable and accurate resistance identification method for screening resistant germplasms is urgently needed in radish. In this study, the influence of inoculum concentration, inoculation methods, and pH of the substrate on disease occurrence was studied. The result showed that the disease index (DI) was highest at 2 × 108 spores/mL, the efficiency of two-stage combined inoculation methods was higher than others, and pH 6.5 was favorable for the infection of P. brassicae. By using this new method, DIs of 349 radish germplasms varying from 0.00 to 97.04, presented significantly different levels of resistance. Analysis showed that 85.06% germplasms from China were susceptible to P. brassicae, whilst 28 accessions were resistant and mainly distributed in east, southwest, northwest, and south-central China. Most of the exotic germplasms were resistant. Repeated experiments verified the stability and reliability of the method and the identity of germplasm resistance. In total, 13 immune, 5 highly resistant and 21 resistant radish accessions were identified. This study provides an original clubroot-tolerance evaluation technology and valuable materials for the development of broad-spectrum resistant varieties for sustainable clubroot management in radish and other cruciferous crops.

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Discrimination of Cabbage Fields for Detecting Clubroot Disease Damage Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data.

Japanese Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.1626/jcs.61.527 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yoichi TORIGOE ◽

Tetsuro AMANO ◽

Kei OGAWA ◽

Michikazu FUKUHARA

Keyword(s):

Thematic Mapper ◽

Landsat Thematic Mapper ◽

Clubroot Disease ◽

Thematic Mapper Data ◽

Disease Damage

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Clubroot disease management challenges from a German perspective

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1080/07060661.2013.861871 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (sup1) ◽

pp. 85-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Elke Diederichsen ◽

Martin Frauen ◽

Jutta Ludwig-Müller

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Clubroot Disease

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Clubroot in Brassica: Recent advances in genomics, breeding and disease management

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2020-0089 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Jakir Hasan ◽

Swati Megha ◽

Habibur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Host Resistance ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Host Plants ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Clubroot Disease

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, affects Brassica oilseed and vegetable production worldwide. This review is focused on various aspects of clubroot disease and its management, including understanding the pathogen and resistance in the host plants. Advances in genetics, molecular biology techniques and ‘omics’ research have helped to identify several major loci, QTL and genes from the Brassica genomes involved in the control of clubroot resistance. Transcriptomic studies have helped to extend our understanding of the mechanism of infection by the pathogen and the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in the host plants. A comprehensive understanding of the clubroot disease and host resistance would allow developing a better strategy by integrating the genetic resistance with cultural practices to manage this disease from a long-term perspective.

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Effect of pathogen virulence on pathogenicity, host range and reproduction of Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-21-0410-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nazanin Zamani-Noor ◽

Sinja Brand ◽

Hans-Peter Soechting

Keyword(s):

Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽

Brassica Species ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Clubroot Disease ◽

Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽

Pathogen Virulence ◽

Iberis Amara ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Resting Spores ◽

Pathogen Dna

A series of greenhouse experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of Plasmodiophora brassicae virulence on clubroot development and propagation of resting spores in 86 plant species from 19 botanical families. Plants were artificially inoculated with two isolates of P. brassicae, which were either virulent on clubroot-resistant oilseed rape cv. Mendel (P1 (+)) or avirulent on this cultivar (P1). Clubroot severity and the number of resting spores inside the roots were assessed 35 days post inoculation. Typical clubroot symptoms were observed only in the Brassicaceae family. P1 (+)-inoculated species exhibited more severe symptoms (2 to 10–fold more severe), bigger galls (1.1 to 5.8 fold heavier) and higher number of resting spores than the P1-inoculated plants. Among all Brassica species, Bunias orientalis, Coronopus squamatus and Raphanus sativus were fully resistant against both isolates, while Camelina sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Coincya momensis, Descurainia sophia, Diplotaxis muralis, Erucastrum gallicum, Neslia paniculata, Sinapis alba, S. arvensis, Sisymbrium altissimum, S. loeselii and Thlaspi arvense were highly susceptible. Conringia orientalis, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Hirschfeldia incana, Iberis amara, Lepidium campestre and Neslia paniculata were completely or partially resistant to P1-isolate but highly susceptible to P1 (+). These results propose that the basis for resistance in these species may be similar to that found in some commercial cultivars, and that these species could contribute to the build-up of inoculum of virulent pathotypes. Furthermore, the pathogen DNA was detected in Alopecurus myosuroides, Phacelia tanacatifolia, Papaver rhoeas and Pisum sativum. It can concluded that the number and diversity of hosts for P. brassicae are greater than previously reported.

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Changes of resting spore densities of Plasmodiophora brassicae in soils and the control of clubroot disease by crop rotation

Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society ◽

10.4165/kapps1958.40.0_105 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 40 (0) ◽

pp. 105-106

Author(s):

Hyoya Hayashi ◽

Mitsuo Kawaradani

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽

Clubroot Disease ◽

Resting Spore ◽

Spore Densities

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE OF THE WHITE CABBAGE LINES TO PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE WOR. AGAINST ARTIFICIAL INFECTION BACKGROUND

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-97-100 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 97-100

Author(s):

A. A. Ushakov ◽

L. L. Bondareva ◽

I. A. Engalycheva

Keyword(s):

Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽

Background Intensity ◽

Federal State ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Entire Area ◽

Clubroot Disease ◽

White Cabbage ◽

The Impact

Clubroot disease (causative organism Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) is among the most economically important and harmful diseases of the cole crops, and the damage due to this disease may reach up to 50-75% of the yield and even 100% in epiphytotics years. Even resistant varieties become susceptible over the years, because of appearance of the new pathogen races and change of climatic conditions in the main growing areas of the crop. In this context the Laboratory of Plant Immunity and Protection, of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” implements continuous phytoimmunological evaluation of collection and selection specimens and also directional material rather than just annual monitoring of causative organism dissemination in order to find new resistance sources. For this purpose an artificial infection background is used: compost obtained from decomposed nodules on the cabbage roots affected by clubroot disease (infection load 105-106 spores/cm3). The resistance of white cabbage varieties was evaluated during the harvesting period using five-point score of the root system damage, which formed the basis for categorization into resistance groups. For the analysis of artificial background intensity and specimen ranking the individual plants of the white cabbage variety Slava 1305, which is a susceptibility standard, were randomly planted in the entire area of the infection background. The impact of atmospheric conditions in the study year on the results of phytopathological evaluation of cabbage selection specimens against the infection background is demonstrated. Under unfavorable conditions for pathogen development (2014) the most specimens (74%) were categorized as relatively resistant, while in favourable for pathogen year 2015 relatively resistant specimens comprised only 5% of the total number of studied specimens. Since the same specimen may show different level of resistance depending on the year conditions, the stability of character manifestation is the important criterion for identification of the resistance resources. Phytopathological evaluation aimed on selection of clubroot-resistant forms in the Moscow region should last for at least three years even with the use of infection background. Long-lasting evaluation showed that the strains No 234/15,140/14,216/17 exhibiting high resistance to clubroot against artificial infection background regardless of the year conditions are the most valuable for selection. The resistance of white cabbage selection varieties to clubroot disease was studied against the infection background.

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