Gut microbiota reflect the crowding stress of space shortage, physical and non-physical contact in Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)

Abstract Background In the long process of adaptive evolution, many small mammals engage in coprophagy, or the behavior of consuming feces, as a means to meet nutritional requirements when feeding on low-quality foods. In addition to nutritional benefits, coprophagy may also help herbivores retain necessary gut microbial diversity and function, which may have downstream physiological effects, such as maintaining energy balance and cognitive function. Here, we used collars to prevent Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) from engaging in coprophagy and monitored changes in microbial community structure, energy metabolism, and memory formation. Results In this research, we found that coprophagy prevention decreased alpha diversity of the gut microbiota, and altered abundances of microbial taxa such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Oscillospira. The coprophagy prevention decreased body mass while increased food intake and ghrelin level in serum. Importantly, coprophagy prevention decreased vole’s memory and neurotransmitters in brain. The administration of acetate compensated for the energy loss and decline of spatial memory caused by coprophagy prevention and partially rescued the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Conclusions These findings identify relationship between coprophagy behavior and interactions between the gut microbiota, energy metabolism and neurological function. Our results suggest that coprophagy may have a positive effect on animal’s nutritional requirements and ecological adaptations by improving memory function.

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Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Bacteria on Mineral Surfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100090634 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 130-131

Author(s):

V.K. Berry

Keyword(s):

Oxidation Reaction ◽

Electron Microscope Study ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Metal Sulfides ◽

Low Grade ◽

Mineral Surfaces ◽

Mineral Surface ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope Study

There are two strains of bacteria viz. Thiobacillus thiooxidansand Thiobacillus ferrooxidanswidely mentioned to play an important role in the leaching process of low-grade ores. Another strain used in this study is a thermophile and is designated Caldariella .These microorganisms are acidophilic chemosynthetic aerobic autotrophs and are capable of oxidizing many metal sulfides and elemental sulfur to sulfates and Fe2+ to Fe3+. The necessity of physical contact or attachment by bacteria to mineral surfaces during oxidation reaction has not been fairly established so far. Temple and Koehler reported that during oxidation of marcasite T. thiooxidanswere found concentrated on mineral surface. Schaeffer, et al. demonstrated that physical contact or attachment is essential for oxidation of sulfur.

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Review for "Gut microbiota alterations affect glioma growth and innate immune cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance in mice"

10.1002/eji.201948354/v2/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Tumor Immunosurveillance ◽

Glioma Growth

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Decision letter for "Gut microbiota alterations affect glioma growth and innate immune cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance in mice"

10.1002/eji.201948354/v2/decision1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Tumor Immunosurveillance ◽

Glioma Growth

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Review for "Gut microbiota alterations affect glioma growth and innate immune cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance in mice"

10.1002/eji.201948354/v1/review2 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Tumor Immunosurveillance ◽

Glioma Growth

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Review for "Gut microbiota alterations affect glioma growth and innate immune cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance in mice"

10.1002/eji.201948354/v1/review1 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Tumor Immunosurveillance ◽

Glioma Growth

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Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000624 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunmin Park ◽

Sunna Kang ◽

Da Sol Kim

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Memory Function ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Impaired Memory ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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The Solidarity of Distance1

Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie ◽

10.1024/0044-3514.36.3.103 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 103-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert A. Wicklund

Keyword(s):

Physical Contact ◽

Emotional Distance ◽

Starting Point ◽

Shared Emotions ◽

Common Goals ◽

Full Interaction ◽

The Individual ◽

Social Incompetence

Abstract: Solidarity in the classic sense pertains to a cohesion among humans that entails physical contact, shared emotions, and common goals or projects. Characteristic cases are to be found among families, close friends, or co-workers. The present paper, in contrast, treats a phenomenon of the solidarity of distance, a solidarity based in fear of certain others and in incompetence to interact with them. The starting point for this analysis is the person who is motivated to interact with others who are unfamiliar or fear-provoking. Given that the fear and momentary social incompetence do not allow a full interaction to ensue, the individual will move toward solidarity with those others on a symbolic level. In this manner the motivation to approach the others is acted upon while physical and emotional distance is retained.

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