Predation of Colistin- and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Pathogenic Populations and Their Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Simulated Microgravity

2021 ◽  
pp. 126941
Author(s):  
Hyochan Jang ◽  
Seong Yeol Choi ◽  
Wonsik Mun ◽  
Seok Hoon Jeong ◽  
Robert J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

scholarly journals Correlation between the Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Susceptibility to Antibiotics among the Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Salma M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Ibrahim S. Yahia ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
Nadia A. Hassouna
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Multidrug Efflux Pump ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

In this study, the correlation between the antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic susceptibility among the carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens (CRGNPs) recovered from patients diagnosed with acute pneumonia in Egypt was found. A total of 194 isolates including Klebsiella pneumoniae (89; 46%), Escherichia coli (47; 24%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58; 30%) were recovered. Of these, 34 (18%) isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR) and carbapenem resistant. For the K. pneumoniae MDR isolates (n = 22), blaNDM (14; 64%) was the most prevalent carbapenemase, followed by blaOXA-48 (11; 50%) and blaVIM (4; 18%). A significant association (p value < 0.05) was observed between the multidrug efflux pump (AcrA) and resistance to β-lactams and the aminoglycoside acetyl transferase gene (aac-6’-Ib) gene and resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and β-lactams (except for aztreonam). For P. aeruginosa, a significant association was noticed between the presence of the blaSHV gene and the multidrug efflux pump (MexA) and resistance to fluoroquinolones, amikacin, tobramycin, co-trimoxazole and β-lactams and between the aac-6’-Ib gene and resistance to aminoglycosides. All P. aeruginosa isolates (100%) harbored the MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux pump while 86% of the K. pneumoniae isolates harbored the AcrAB-TolC pump. Our results are of great medical importance for the guidance of healthcare practitioners for effective antibiotic prescription.

scholarly journals Novel Aminoglycoside Resistance Transposons and Transposon-Derived Circular Forms Detected in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1801-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Karah ◽  
Chinmay Kumar Dwibedi ◽  
Karin Sjöström ◽  
Petra Edquist ◽  
Anders Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Acinetobacter baumanniihas emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen equipped with a growing number of antibiotic resistance genes. Our study investigated the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance features of 28 consecutive carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates ofA. baumanniicollected throughout Sweden in 2012 and 2013. The isolates mainly belonged to clonal complexes (CCs) with an extensive international distribution, such as CC2 (n= 16) and CC25 (n= 7). Resistance to carbapenems was related toblaOXA-23(20 isolates),blaOXA-24/40-like(6 isolates),blaOXA-467(1 isolate), and ISAba1-blaOXA-69(1 isolate). Ceftazidime resistance was associated withblaPER-7in the CC25 isolates. Two classical point mutations were responsible for resistance to quinolones in all the isolates. Isolates with high levels of resistance to aminoglycosides carried the 16S rRNA methylasearmAgene. The isolates also carried a variety of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Several novel structures involved in aminoglycoside resistance were identified, including Tn6279, ΔTn6279, Ab-ST3-aadB, and different assemblies of Tn6020and TnaphA6. Importantly, a number of circular forms related to the IS26or ISAba125composite transposons were detected. The frequent occurrence of these circular forms in the populations of several isolates indicates a potential role of these circular forms in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) Isolates of Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 3485-3494
Author(s):  
Witawat Tunyong ◽  
Weewan Arsheewa ◽  
Sirijan Santajit ◽  
Thida Kong-ngoen ◽  
Pornpan Pumirat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

scholarly journals Class II Transposon-Borne Structure Harboring Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene blaVIM-2 in Pseudomonas putida

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2889-2891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Ludovic Cabanne ◽  
Louis Collet ◽  
Patrice Nordmann
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACT A plasmid-encoded class II transposon element was identified in a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas putida isolate. Tn1332, closely related to Tn1331, harbored the metallo-β-lactamase gene bla VIM-2 in addition to four other antibiotic resistance genes, aacA4, aadA1, bla OXA-9, and bla TEM-1, and two novel insertion sequences, ISPpu17 and ISPpu18.

scholarly journals Interspecies DNA acquisition by a naturally competentAcinetobacter baumanniistrain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
German M. Traglia ◽  
Kori Place ◽  
Cristian Dotto ◽  
Jennifer S. Fernandez ◽  
Camila dos Santos Bahiense ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multiple Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniiis a human pathogen that frequently acquires antibiotic resistance genes leading to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains. To investigate the role of transformation in the acquisition of resistance determinants by this species, the susceptible strain A118 was exposed to genomic DNA of carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKp). Resistant transformants were obtained and an increase in the resistance level to all β-lactam antibiotics was observed. Whole genome analysis of transformant clones demonstrated the acquisition of CRKp DNA. The most frequently acquired genes correspond to mobile elements, antibiotic resistance genes, and operons involved in metabolism. Bioinformatic analyses andin silicogene flow prediction strengthen our findings, showing that a continuing exchange of genetic material betweenA. baumanniiandK. pneumoniaeoccurs when they share the same niche. Our results reinforce the idea that natural transformation may play a key role in the increasing emergence ofA. baumanniiMDR.IMPORTANCESince the characterization of antibiotic resistance in the late ‘50s, antibiotic resistance propagation was classically associated with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mediated by plasmids bearing multiple resistance genes. Here we show that, at least in the human pathogenA. baumannii, transformation also plays a major role in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance determinants. This study unravels that at least for certain pathogens the propagation of resistance genes occurs by alternative HGT mechanisms which in the past have been unappreciated.

scholarly journals Distribution of β-lactamase Gene and Genetic Context of blaKPC-2 in Clinical Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmao Liu ◽  
Hailong Lin ◽  
Zhewei Sun ◽  
Xinyi Zhu ◽  
Xueya Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Genetic Context

Abstract Background: This study is designed to characterize the dissemination mechanism and genetic context of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on CRKP isolates from a teaching hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from 2015-2017. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were used to analyze the genetic context of the blaKPC-2 gene. Conjugation experiments were performed to evaluate the transferability of blaKPC-2-bearing plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to investigate the clonal relatedness of blaKPC-2-producing strains.Results: The blaKPC-2 gene was identified in 13.61% (40/294) of clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. Three different sequence types (ST11, ST15 and ST656) and 5 PFGE subtypes (A to E) were classified among them. ST11 was the dominant sequence type (92.50%, 37/40). Plasmid-oriented antibiotic resistance genes such as extended spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs) and other antimicrobial resistance genes were also found in KPC-positive K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp). Mapping PCR and genomic sequencing revealed that the blaKPC-2-bearing sequence regions related to different mobile elements, including Tn1721- and IS26-based transposons, were mainly located in but not restricted to IncFII-like plasmids and were structurally divergent.Conclusions: The blaKPC-2 genes related to divergent mobile genetic elements encoded on transferable plasmids may transfer easily and widely, resulting in the spread of resistance among bacteria of different species or genera. Co-infection of KPC-Kp plasmids carrying additional non-β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes simultaneously further limits the antibiotics available to treat infections with KPC-producing pathogens.

Quintuplex PCR to Detect Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navindra Kumari Palanisamy ◽  
Parasakthi Navaratnam ◽  
Shamala Devi Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Mic Value

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, causing respiratory infection. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is associated with alterations in the penicillin binding proteins, while resistance to macrolides is conferred either by the modification of the ribosomal target site or efflux mechanism. This study aimed to characterize S. pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance genes using 2 sets of multiplex PCRs. Methods: A quintuplex and triplex PCR was used to characterize the pbp1A, ermB, gyrA, ply, and the mefE genes. Fifty-eight penicillin sensitive strains (PSSP), 36 penicillin intermediate strains (PISP) and 26 penicillin resistance strains (PRSP) were used. Results: Alteration in pbp1A was only observed in PISP and PRSP strains, while PCR amplification of the ermB or mefE was observed only in strains with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. The assay was found to be sensitive as simulated blood cultures showed the lowest level of detection to be 10cfu. Conclusions: As predicted, the assay was able to differentiate penicillin susceptible from the non-susceptible strains based on the detection of the pbp1A gene, which correlated with the MIC value of the strains.

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