(p)ppGpp Regulates a Bacterial Nucleosidase by an Allosteric Two-Domain Switch

Despite its everyday ubiquity, not much is currently known about cognitive processes involved in flexible shifts of attention between external and internal information. An important model in the task-switching literature, which can serve as a blueprint for attentional flexibility, states that switch costs correspond to the time needed for a serial control mechanism to reallocate a limited resource from the previous task context to the current one. To formulate predictions from this model when applied to a switch between perceptual attention (external component) and working memory (WM; internal component), we first need to determine whether a single, serial control mechanism is in place and, subsequently, whether a limited resource is shared between them. Following a review of the literature, we predicted that a between-domain switch cost should be observed, and its size should be either similar or reduced compared to the standard, within-domain, switch cost. These latter two predictions derive from a shared resource account between external and internal attention, or partial independence among them, respectively. In a second phase, we put to the test these opposing predictions in four successive behavioral experiments by means of a new paradigm suited to compare directly between- (internal to external) and within-domain (external to external) switch costs. Across them, we demonstrated the existence of a reliable between-domain switch cost whose magnitude was similar to the within-domain one, thereby lending support to the resource sharing account.

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The complex interactions of Chs5p, the ChAPs, and the cargo Chs3p

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e11-12-1015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (22) ◽

pp. 4402-4415 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Uli Rockenbauch ◽

Alicja M. Ritz ◽

Carlos Sacristan ◽

Cesar Roncero ◽

Anne Spang

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Chitin Synthase ◽

Tetratricopeptide Repeats ◽

Trans Golgi Network ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

C Terminus ◽

Bud Neck ◽

Domain Switch ◽

Golgi Network

The exomer complex is a putative vesicle coat required for the direct transport of a subset of cargoes from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane. Exomer comprises Chs5p and the ChAPs family of proteins (Chs6p, Bud7p, Bch1p, and Bch2p), which are believed to act as cargo receptors. In particular, Chs6p is required for the transport of the chitin synthase Chs3p to the bud neck. However, how the ChAPs associate with Chs5p and recognize cargo is not well understood. Using domain-switch chimeras of Chs6p and Bch2p, we show that four tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) are involved in interaction with Chs5p. Because these roles are conserved among the ChAPs, the TPRs are interchangeable among different ChAP proteins. In contrast, the N-terminal and the central parts of the ChAPs contribute to cargo specificity. Although the entire N-terminal domain of Chs6p is required for Chs3p export at all cell cycle stages, the central part seems to predominantly favor Chs3p export in small-budded cells. The cargo Chs3p probably also uses a complex motif for the interaction with Chs6, as the C-terminus of Chs3p interacts with Chs6p and is necessary, but not sufficient, for TGN export.

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Structure of a pseudokinase-domain switch that controls oncogenic activation of Jak kinases

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology ◽

10.1038/nsmb.2673 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1221-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Angela V Toms ◽

Anagha Deshpande ◽

Randall McNally ◽

Youngjee Jeong ◽

Julia M Rogers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domain Switch

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Domain switch in silicon-nematic-ITO structure

10.1117/12.323723 ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivanovich M. Gritsenko ◽

Sergey I. Kucheev

Keyword(s):

Domain Switch

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An α Helix to β Barrel Domain Switch Transforms the Transcription Factor RfaH into a Translation Factor

Cell ◽

10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.042 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 150 (2) ◽

pp. 291-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Björn M. Burmann ◽

Stefan H. Knauer ◽

Anastasia Sevostyanova ◽

Kristian Schweimer ◽

Rachel A. Mooney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Translation Factor ◽

Domain Switch ◽

Α Helix

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Early reduction of sensory processing within the extrastriate visual cortex when switching from internal to external attention

10.31234/osf.io/a4mcq ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sam Verschooren ◽

Sebastian Schindler ◽

Rudi de Raedt ◽

Gilles Pourtois

Keyword(s):

Sensory Processing ◽

Early Stage ◽

Attention Effect ◽

The Past ◽

Processing Cost ◽

New Findings ◽

Domain Switch ◽

Similar Cost ◽

Gating Effect ◽

Similar Processing

Attention flexibility is a fundamental ability, which has been explored extensively in the past. However, neurocognitive mechanisms underlying switches of attention between working memory (WM) and perceptual stimuli are still poorly understood. Previous research has found that when participants occasionally switch attention either between two perception-based tasks (within-domain switches), or between a WM- and a perception-based task (between-domain switches), a substantial and similar processing cost is elicited in both cases compared to their mere repetition (Verschooren, Schindler, De Raedt, & Pourtois, 2019). These behavioural results, however, did not inform directly about potentially different mechanisms giving rise to the similar cost observed. In this study, we addressed this question by recording 64-channel EEG while participants carried out within- versus between-domain switches of attention. ERP results showed that during early sensory processing a marked P1 attenuation was associated with both switch types, suggesting that switching influenced an early stage of information processing in this situation. Complementing source localization results confirmed that this attention effect had an extrastriate origin. Crucially, this early gating effect associated with task switching was stronger for the between compared to the within-domain switch, despite their similar behavioural cost. These new findings add to the literature by demonstrating that, even though between- and within-domain switches are associated with a similar behavioural cost, different neurocognitive mechanisms give rise to them. As such, they can inform existing cognitive and neuro-anatomical models of selective attention and flexibility, where in the past the focus has often been on within-domain switches.

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