Ion association of anhydrous ferric chloride in primary alcohols at different temperatures

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Pura
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Anhydrous Ferric Chloride

Solvent structure effects on electrical conductivities of small-ion salts compared to large-ion salts in C1–C4 alcohols and water

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixing Zhao ◽  
Gordon R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Ion Association ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Solvent Structure ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Tert Butanol ◽  
Electrical Conductances ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solvated Ions

The electrical conductances of the small-ion salts LiI and LiNO3 in water and C1–C4 alcohols were measured at different temperatures. At the concentrations used, ion association was negligible except when εT < 4200 K, where ε is the relative permittivity of the solvent at temperature T. Consistent with Walden's rule, the values of ηΛ0 in each solvent are nearly constant as the temperature is increased; the value for LiI in each solvent is slightly higher than that for LiNO3. Ion association occurs in tert-butanol and is more extensive for LiNO3 than that for LiI; the planar NO3− ions fit less well than the spherical I− ions into the packing of the rigid, spherical tert-butanol molecules. The effective radius of solvated ions in CN primary alcohols increases approximately as the length of the randomly folded chain, (N + 1)1/2. For secondary alcohols this factor is somewhat too small for small-ions and too large for large tetraphenyl ions. The values of EΛ0 are close to the values of Eη in the corresponding alcohols. Keywords: electrical conductivity, large ions, small-ions, alcohols, solvent effects.

ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Free Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes by Anhydrous Ferric Chloride.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (47) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
M. M. Khodaei ◽  
F. A. Meybodi ◽  
N. Rezai ◽  
P. Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Beckmann Rearrangement ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Anhydrous Ferric Chloride

Iron-Zircon Pigments Prepared by Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Method at Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hui Jiang ◽  
Yan Hui Yang ◽  
Qing Xia Zhu ◽  
Jian Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Lithium Fluoride ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Zircon Crystal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Anhydrous Ferric Chloride

ron-zircon pigment has been synthesized by non-hydrolytic sol-gel method using zirconium chloride and tetraethoxysilane as precursors, anhydrous ferric chloride as colorant, lithium fluoride as mineralizer and anhydrous ethanol as solvent. Iron-zircon pigment has been characterized by means of DTA-TG, XRD, Colorimeter and TEM. The results show that only a small fraction of iron is incorporated in the zircon crystal structure while the remaining iron cations are trapped within the zircon matrix. The iron-zircon with the red value (a*) of 20.64 can be synthesized at 700°C with the optimum Fe/Zr molar ratio of 0.2.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sodium Chloride on Ion Association of Lysine and Arginine Ionizable Side Chains Amino Acids with Dehydro-L-ascorbic Acid in Aqueous Solution at Different Temperatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 1412-1422
Author(s):  
Muhammed J. Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Different Temperatures

Molar conductance (Λ) of ionizable side chains amino acids, lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) with dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) in water and in NaCl solutions was measured at temperatures range 298 K to 313 K. The limited molar conductance (Λo) and the constant of the ions association (KA) are calculated using the Shedlovsky techniques. The dynamic radius of the concerned ion (R) is calculated by used Stokes–Einstein relation. The heat of association, the Gibbs free energy, the change of entropy and activation energy (ΔHo/ kJ mol-1, ΔGo/ kJ mol-1, ΔSo/J K-1 mol-1, and ΔES/ kJ mol-1) respectively), also calculated. The data show increases the molar conductance with increase in temperature and decreasing in values at addition of DHA to Lys and Arg solutions. The association ions in NaCl solutions appear to increase in radius and decrease in diffusion coefficient relative to water solutions.ΔES, shows in most samples a positive value for the association and the values in NaCl solutions has lower relative to the water solutions. ΔGo is a trend to decrease with an increase in DHA concentration in water and NaCl solutions. The ion association is exothermic reaction relative to the negative value of ΔHo. The ΔSo andΔHo results, for Lys and Arg solutions, show decreasing in values at increase in DHA concentration in water and NaCl solutions. ΔGo (kJ mol-1), ΔSo (J K-1 mol-1), Î”Ho (kJ mol-1), and ΔEs (kJ mol-1) 

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Studies on Ion Association of Lithium Chloride and Lithium Nitrate in Acetonitrile + Water Mixed Solvents at Different Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Lalrosanga ◽  
N. Mohondas Singh
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Limiting Molar Conductance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Walden Products

The present study reports the ion association of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) electrolytes in acetonitrile + water (AN+W) mixtures at 283.15 K to 311.15 K. Their limiting molar conductance (Λo), the association constant values (KA) for their different mole fractions, i.e. 0.0000, 0.0588, 0.1233, 0.1942, 0.2727, 0.3600, 0.4576, 0.5676, 0.6923, 0.8351 and 1.0000 have been evaluated using Shedlovsky technique. The KA and Walden products (Λoηo) for LiCl and LiNO3 salts have been calculated in the acetonitrile-water solvent at experimental temperatures. The calculated values qualitatively examined the possible nature of the solvent-solvent, their ion-ion, and ion-solvent and interactions of the two selected compounds mixed solvents of (acetonitrile + water). Then dependence of KA temperature has also been investigated to obtain the thermodynamic functions of different parameters, such as ΔGº, ΔSº, ΔHº and Ea, as a function of the mixed composition of the composition solvents AN+W (acetonitrile + water).

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