Arsenic-free Ovonic threshold switch for next-generation selectors in 3-dimensional cross-point memories

2021 ◽  
pp. 102849
Author(s):  
Myoung Su Seo ◽  
Sang Woon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Threshold Switch

Pulse Dependent Threshold Voltage Variation of the Ovonic Threshold Switch in Cross-Point Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Ban ◽  
Hyejung Choi ◽  
Wootae Lee ◽  
Seokman Hong ◽  
Hwanjun Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Voltage Variation ◽  
Threshold Switch

Melt electro written three-dimensional scaffolds engineered as oral microcosm models-an in vitro study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Ramachandra ◽  
Abdulla Abdal-hay ◽  
Pingping Han ◽  
Ryan Lee ◽  
Saso Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Medical Grade

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Biofilms are 3-dimensional (3D) aggregates of microorganisms that are associated with a wide range of diseases. Although there have been several studies investigating biofilm formation on two-dimensional substrates, the use of 3D substrates may result in more representative and clinically relevant models. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the growth of biofilms in the 3D substrates against biofilms grown in 2D substrates.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Two grams of medical grade polycaprolactone (PCL) were loaded into a plastic Luer-lock 3 ml syringe and a 23G needle was used as a spinneret. The syringe was placed in a melt electro-writing (MEW) device to obtain fine fibers under controlled parameters. The 3-dimensional MEW PCL scaffolds were manufactured and characterised with an overall thickness of ~ 0.8 mm, with ~ 15 μm diameter fibers and ordered pore sizes of either 100 or 250 µm. PCL films employed as 2D substrates were manufactured by dissolving 10 gms of PCL in 100 ml chloroform and stirred for 3 h to obtain a transparent solution. Then, the solution was cast in glass petri dishes and dried to remove all organic solvents. In addition, commercial hydroxyapatite discs were also used as 2D controls. Unstimulated saliva from six healthy donors (gingival health) were used to grow biofilms. The formed biofilms were assessed at day 4, day 7 and day 10 using crystal violet assay, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and next-generation 16s sequencing.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results demonstrates that 3D PCL scaffolds dramatically enhanced biofilm biomass and thickness growth compared to that of the 2D controls. Confocal microscopy of biofilms at day 4 stained with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide showed thickness of biofilms in 2D substrates were 39 µm and 81µm for hydroxyapatite discs and PCL films, respectively. Biofilms in 3D substrates were 250 µm and 338 µm for MEW PCL 100µm pore size and MEW PCL 250 µm pore size, respectively. Similar results were noticed at day 7 and day 10. Scanning electron microscopy showed biofilm bridges formed over the fibers of the MEW scaffolds. Pilot trials of next generation sequencing detected similar taxa in biofilms formed in 3D scaffolds compared to that of 2D substrates.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> We have successfully investigated a 3D biofilm growth model using 3D medical grade PCL scaffolds. Thicker biofilms can be conveniently grown using this inexpensive static model. This will facilitate 3D microbial community studies that are more clinically relevant and improve our understanding of biofilm-associated disease processes.</p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Initial linking methods and their classification

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S236) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Leif Kahl Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Computational Algorithm ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orbit Method ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Different Types

AbstractThe problem of initial linking of asteroids is of increasing interest for the next generation surveys. During the first week after discovery elliptical elements are very uncertain and other methods are used. A summary is given of 7 initial linking methods. There are two different types: In one, a search area is computed on a second night from the known and undoubtedly linked positions, typically on the first night. The other type assumes candidates which are then checked by the computation of O – C residuals of an orbit. Computations may be classified as belonging to the 3-dimensional space or the 2-dimensional sky-plane. A new basis, with a simpler computational algorithm, is given for the widely used Väisälä method. For a new N-Observation Orbit method a simple, efficient PC-programme is given.

Comparing Next-Generation Robotic Technology with 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Navigation Technology for the Insertion of Posterior Pedicle Screws

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. e474-e481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asham Khan ◽  
Joshua E. Meyers ◽  
Samantha Yavorek ◽  
Timothy E. O'Connor ◽  
Ioannis Siasios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Robotic Technology ◽  
3 Dimensional

Anatomical Analysis and Feasibility Study of Next-Generation Fenestrated or Branched Stent-Grafts for the Treatment of Arch Aneurysms

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-784
Author(s):  
Naoki Fujimura ◽  
Shigeo Ichihashi ◽  
Manabu Motoki ◽  
Satoshi Ohtsubo ◽  
Yasushi Kawauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Innominate Artery ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Stent Grafts ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Definitive Method ◽  
Sealing Zone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Instructions For Use ◽  
Arch Aneurysm

Purpose: To analyze the anatomical characteristics of arch aneurysms and evaluate the anatomical feasibility of 4 next-generation stent-grafts with either branched or fenestrated configurations. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 213 patients (mean age 75.0±7.1 years; 179 men) with arch aneurysms treated using total arch replacement or zone 0 or 1 thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) from 2007 to 2017 at 2 Japanese hospitals. Anatomical analyses were performed using the centerline of flow technique on a 3-dimensional workstation. The anatomical feasibility of the Zenith A-branch, TAG Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis (TBE), Terumo Aortic Relay Plus Double Branched (DB), and fenestrated Najuta stent-grafts were evaluated based on the instructions for use (IFU). Results: The mean lengths from the sinotubular junction (STJ) to the innominate artery (IA) and from the IA to the left common carotid artery were 114.9±15.9 and 12.8±5.6 mm, respectively. The mean aortic diameters at the STJ and IA were 31.3±3.4 and 34.1±5.3 mm, respectively. In terms of feasibility, 5.2% of patients were within the Zenith A-branch IFU, 40.8% for the TAG TBE, 24.9% for the Relay Plus DB, and 13.6% for the Najuta. Significant (>50% circumference) thrombus/calcification at the sealing zone affected nearly half of the patients, but there is currently no standardized definition or evaluation method for “significant” thrombus/calcification. Conclusion: Only 5% to 41% of arch aneurysm patients are anatomically suitable for TEVAR using any one of the next-generation branched or fenestrated stent-grafts. Furthermore, a definitive method of evaluating the thrombus/calcification burden needs to be established in future IFU.

Phase Change Memory with Chalcogenide Selector (PCMS): Characteristic Behaviors, Physical Models and Key Material Properties

2010 ◽  
Vol 1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Karpov ◽  
David Kencke ◽  
Derchang Kau ◽  
Stephen Tang ◽  
Gianpalo Spadini
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Phase Change Memory ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Storage Element ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Threshold Switch ◽  
Change Memory

AbstractWe present a novel scalable and stackable nonvolatile solid state memory. Each cell consists of a storage element, based on phase change memory (PCM) element, and an integrated selector, using an Ovonic threshold switch (OTS). The cell is implemented to enable a true cross-point array. The main device characteristics and behaviors, corresponding physical processes in different operation modes, and key material properties are discussed.

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