Age-related GABAergic differences in the primary sensorimotor cortex: A multimodal approach combining PET, MRS and TMS

IntroductionThe diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), that is, the transitory phase between normal age-related cognitive decline and dementia, remains a challenging task. It was observed that a multimodal approach (simultaneous analysis of several complementary modalities) can improve the classification accuracy. We will combine three noninvasive measurement modalities: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electroencephalography and heart rate variability via ECG. Our aim is to explore neurophysiological correlates of cognitive performance and whether our multimodal approach can aid in early identification of individuals with MCI.Methods and analysisThis study will be a cross-sectional with patients with MCI and healthy controls (HC). The neurophysiological signals will be measured during rest and while performing cognitive tasks: (1) Stroop, (2) N-back and (3) verbal fluency test (VFT). Main aims of statistical analysis are to (1) determine the differences in neurophysiological responses of HC and MCI, (2) investigate relationships between measures of cognitive performance and neurophysiological responses and (3) investigate whether the classification accuracy can be improved by using our multimodal approach. To meet these targets, statistical analysis will include machine learning approaches.This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that applies simultaneously these three modalities in MCI and HC. We hypothesise that the multimodal approach improves the classification accuracy between HC and MCI as compared with a unimodal approach. If our hypothesis is verified, this study paves the way for additional research on multimodal approaches for dementia research and fosters the exploration of new biomarkers for an early detection of nonphysiological age-related cognitive decline.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the local Ethics Committee (reference: 83/19). Data will be shared with the scientific community no more than 1 year following completion of study and data assembly.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04427436, registered on 10 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04427436.

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Frequency-Dependent Changes of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Finger Movements

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1097/00004647-199601000-00003 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 23-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Norihiro Sadato ◽

Vicente Ibañez ◽

Marie-Pierre Deiber ◽

Gregory Campbell ◽

Marc Leonardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Progressive Change ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Neuronal Recruitment ◽

Simple Movement ◽

The Right ◽

Fast Rates ◽

Significant Activation

To study the effect of the repetition rate of a simple movement on the distribution and magnitude of neuronal recruitment, we measured regional CBF (rCBF) in eight normal volunteers, using positron emission tomography and 15O-labeled water. An auditory-cued, repetitive flexion movement of the right index finger against the thumb was performed at very slow (0.25 and 0.5 Hz), slow (0.75 and 1 Hz), fast (2 and 2.5 Hz), and very fast (3 and 4 Hz) rates. The increase of rCBF during movement relative to the resting condition was calculated for each pair of movement conditions. Left primary sensorimotor cortex showed no significant activation at the very slow rates. There was a rapid rise of rCBF between the slow and the fast rates, but no further increase at the very fast rates. The right cerebellum showed similar changes. Changes in the left primary sensorimotor cortex and the cerebellum likely reflect the effect of the movement rate. The posterior supplementary motor area (SMA) showed its highest activation at the very slow rates but no significant activation at the very fast rates. Changes correlating with those in the SMA were found in the anterior cingulate gyrus, right prefrontal area, and right thalamus. The decreases in CBF may reflect a progressive change in performance from reactive to predictive.

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Dependence of SEFs on the Interstimulus Interval: A Model for SEF Generation Mechanism at the Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

Biomag 96 ◽

10.1007/978-1-4612-1260-7_192 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 785-788

Author(s):

J. Huttunen ◽

H. Wikström ◽

A. Korvenoja ◽

H. Aronen ◽

R. J. Ilmoniemi

Keyword(s):

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Interstimulus Interval ◽

Generation Mechanism ◽

Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

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Activation of ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex by median nerve stimulation

Neuroreport ◽

10.1097/00001756-199512150-00033 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (18) ◽

pp. 2589-2593 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Antti Korvenoja ◽

Heidi Wikström ◽

Juha Huttunen ◽

Juha Virtanan ◽

Petteri Laine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Median Nerve ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Median Nerve Stimulation ◽

Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

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Functional plasticity of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in an elite long jumper with below-knee amputation

NeuroImage Clinical ◽

10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101847 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 101847 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nobuaki Mizuguchi ◽

Kento Nakagawa ◽

Yutaka Tazawa ◽

Kazuyuki Kanosue ◽

Kimitaka Nakazawa

Keyword(s):

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Functional Plasticity ◽

Knee Amputation ◽

Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

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Disturbed Resting-State Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity of Striatal Subregions in Bulimia Nervosa

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1093/ijnp/pyaa023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 356-365

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Kun Bi ◽

Zhou Song ◽

Zhe Zhang ◽

Ke Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Resting State ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

Abstract Background Disturbed self-regulation, taste reward, as well as somatosensory and visuospatial processes were thought to drive binge eating and purging behaviors that characterize bulimia nervosa. Although studies have implicated a central role of the striatum in these dysfunctions, there have been no direct investigations on striatal functional connectivity in bulimia nervosa from a network perspective. Methods We calculated the functional connectivity of striatal subregions based on the resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data of 51 bulimia nervosa patients and 53 healthy women. Results Compared with the healthy women, bulimia nervosa patients showed increased positive functional connectivity in bilateral striatal nuclei and thalamus for nearly all of the striatal subregions, and increased negative functional connectivity in bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex and occipital areas for both ventral striatum and putamen subregions. Only for the putamen subregions, we observed reduced negative functional connectivity in the prefrontal (bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri) and parietal (right inferior parietal lobe and precuneus) areas. Several striatal connectivities with occipital and primary sensorimotor cortex significantly correlated with the severity of bulimia. Conclusions The findings indicate bulimia nervosa-related alterations in striatal functional connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supporting self-regulation, the subcortical striatum and thalamus involved in taste reward, as well as the visual occipital and sensorimotor regions mediating body image, which contribute to our understanding of neural circuitry of bulimia nervosa and encourage future therapeutic developments for bulimia nervosa by modulating striatal pathway.

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Acupuncture Enhances Effective Connectivity between Cerebellum and Primary Sensorimotor Cortex in Patients with Stable Recovery Stroke

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/603909 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zijing Xie ◽

Fangyuan Cui ◽

Yihuai Zou ◽

Lijun Bai

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Motor Task ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Movement Coordination ◽

Subacute Stroke ◽

Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Recovery Stroke ◽

Hemiparetic Stroke

Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that stimulation of acupuncture at motor-implicated acupoints modulates activities of brain areas relevant to the processing of motor functions. This study aims to investigate acupuncture-induced changes in effective connectivity among motor areas in hemiparetic stroke patients by using the multivariate Granger causal analysis. A total of 9 stable recovery stroke patients and 8 healthy controls were recruited and underwent three runs of fMRI scan: passive finger movements and resting state before and after manual acupuncture stimuli. Stroke patients showed significantly attenuated effective connectivity between cortical and subcortical areas during passive motor task, which indicates inefficient information transmissions between cortical and subcortical motor-related regions. Acupuncture at motor-implicated acupoints showed specific modulations of motor-related network in stroke patients relative to healthy control subjects. This specific modulation enhanced bidirectionally effective connectivity between the cerebellum and primary sensorimotor cortex in stroke patients, which may compensate for the attenuated effective connectivity between cortical and subcortical areas during passive motor task and, consequently, contribute to improvement of movement coordination and motor learning in subacute stroke patients. Our results suggested that further efficacy studies of acupuncture in motor recovery can focus on the improvement of movement coordination and motor learning during motor rehabilitation.

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Hand, foot and lip representations in primary sensorimotor cortex: a high-density electroencephalography study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55369-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mingqi Zhao ◽

Marco Marino ◽

Jessica Samogin ◽

Stephan P. Swinnen ◽

Dante Mantini

Keyword(s):

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Movement Control ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

High Density ◽

The Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Gamma Frequency ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

AbstractThe primary sensorimotor cortex plays a major role in the execution of movements of the contralateral side of the body. The topographic representation of different body parts within this brain region is commonly investigated through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, fMRI does not provide direct information about neuronal activity. In this study, we used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to map the representations of hand, foot, and lip movements in the primary sensorimotor cortex, and to study their neural signatures. Specifically, we assessed the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the cortical space. We found that the performance of hand, foot, and lip movements elicited an ERD in beta and gamma frequency bands. The primary regions showing significant beta- and gamma-band ERD for hand and foot movements, respectively, were consistent with previously reported using fMRI. We observed relatively weaker ERD for lip movements, which may be explained by the fact that less fine movement control was required. Overall, our study demonstrated that ERD based on hdEEG data can support the study of motor-related neural processes, with relatively high spatial resolution. An interesting avenue may be the use of hdEEG for deeper investigations into the pathophysiology of neuromotor disorders.

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