Language context tunes brain network for language control in bilingual language production

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 107592
Author(s):  
Junjie Wu ◽  
Zhaoqi Zhang ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Qiming Yuan ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Language Context

Language context modulates executive control in bilinguals: Evidence from language production

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 107441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Jiao ◽  
John G. Grundy ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Baoguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Context

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of pausing in child and adult storytelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA A. REDFORD
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Pause Time ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Language Variables

ABSTRACTThe goals of the current study were (a) to assess differences in child and adult pausing and (b) to determine whether characteristics of child and adult pausing can be explained by the same language variables. Spontaneous speech samples were obtained from 10 5-year-olds and their accompanying parent using a storytelling/retelling task. Analyses of pause frequency, duration, variation in durations, and pause location indicated that pause time decreased with retelling, but not with age group except when child and adult pausing was considered in its speech and language context. The results suggest that differences in child and adult pausing reflect differences in child and adult language, not in the cognitive resources allocated to language production.

scholarly journals The Role of the Cognitive Control System in Recovery from Bilingual Aphasia: A Multiple Single-Case fMRI Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Radman ◽  
Michael Mouthon ◽  
Marie Di Pietro ◽  
Chrisovalandou Gaytanidis ◽  
Beatrice Leemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Bilingual Aphasia ◽  
And Control

Aphasia in bilingual patients is a therapeutic challenge since both languages can be impacted by the same lesion. Language control has been suggested to play an important role in the recovery of first (L1) and second (L2) language in bilingual aphasia following stroke. To test this hypothesis, we collected behavioral measures of language production (general aphasia evaluation and picture naming) in each language and language control (linguistic and nonlinguistic switching tasks), as well as fMRI during a naming task at one and four months following stroke in five bilingual patients suffering from poststroke aphasia. We further applied dynamic causal modelling (DCM) analyses to the connections between language and control brain areas. Three patients showed parallel recovery in language production, one patient improved in L1, and one improved in L2 only. Language-control functions improved in two patients. Consistent with the dynamic view of language recovery, DCM analyses showed a higher connectedness between language and control areas in the language with the better recovery. Moreover, similar degrees of connectedness between language and control areas were found in the patients who recovered in both languages. Our data suggest that engagement of the interconnected language-control network is crucial in the recovery of languages.

The contributions of language control to executive functions: From the perspective of bilingual comprehension

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1984-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Jiao ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Lijuan Liang ◽  
Patrick Plummer ◽  
Charles A Perfetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Mixed Block ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Language Context ◽  
L1 And L2

Previous studies have suggested that bilingual production experience has beneficial effects on executive functions. In the current study, four experiments were conducted to investigate whether bilingual comprehension experience influences executive functions. In Experiments 1 and 2, Chinese–English bilinguals completed a flanker task interleaved with a language comprehension task (reading comprehension in Experiment 1 and listening comprehension in Experiment 2). There were three blocks distinguished by language context, with a Chinese (L1) block, an English (L2) block, and a mixed (L1 and L2) block. Results showed that performance in the mixed block was better on both congruent and incongruent flanker trials when compared with the L1 and L2 blocks, indicating better monitoring functions overall. In Experiments 3 and 4 (reading comprehension and listening comprehension, respectively), participants were also exposed to three language contexts (i.e., L1, L2, and mixed block) but performed a non-conflict control task that did not require any conflict resolution. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 showed similar performance under the three different language contexts. Taken together, these results indicate that language control mechanisms involved in bilingual comprehension contribute to domain-general executive control performance. The results suggest a monitoring mechanism establishes a bridge connecting executive functions and bilingual language control during comprehension.

Language Control in Second and Third Language Production

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva van Assche ◽  
Wouter Duyck ◽  
Tamar Gollan
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Language Control

scholarly journals On the flexibility of bilingual language control: The effect of language context

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
KALINKA TIMMER ◽  
INGRID K. CHRISTOFFELS ◽  
ALBERT COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Naming Latencies ◽  
The Way

How flexible is bilingual language control and how does it adapt to the linguistic context of a conversation? We address this by looking at the pattern of switch costs in contexts involving mostly the use of a dominant or non-dominant language. This linguistic context affected switching patterns: switching was equally costly for both languages in a dominant (L1) context, while switching was harder for the weaker language in the non-dominant (L2) context. Also, naming latencies for each language were affected by the linguistic contexts: only the dominant L1 context led to slower latencies for the dominant language. This latter finding was also present when looking at the LPC component, which may reveal differences in the way inhibitory control is applied depending on the linguistic context. These results reveal that the bilingual language control system is flexible and that it adapts to the linguistic context in which the speaker is placed.

Conflict adaptation during multilingual language production as evidenced by the n-3 effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Mathieu Declerck ◽  
Stefanie Schuch ◽  
Andrea M. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Language Control

AbstractSeveral multilingual language production models assume that language control is instigated by conflict monitoring. In turn, conflict adaptation, a control process which makes it easier to resolve interference if previously a high-interference context was detected, should also occur during multilingual production, as it is triggered by conflict monitoring. Because no evidence has been provided for conflict adaptation in the multilingual production literature, we set out to investigate this process using the n-3 effect. Our study showed that the n-3 effect can be observed during multilingual production, and thus provides evidence for conflict adaptation during multilingual production.

scholarly journals The Differential Role of Executive Functions in the Cognitive Control of Language Switching

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jared A. Linck ◽  
John W. Schwieter ◽  
Gretchen Sunderman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Global And Local

Studies of bilingual speech production suggest that different executive functions (EFs) contribute to the cognitive control of language production. However, no study has simultaneously examined the relationship between different EFs and language control during online speech production. The current study examined individual differences in three EFs (working memory updating, inhibitory control, and task-set switching) and their relationship with performance in a trilingual language-switching task for a group of forty-seven native English (L1) speakers learning French (L2) and Spanish (L3). Analyses indicate complex interactions between EFs and language switching: better inhibitory control was related to smaller L1 switch costs, whereas better working memory was related to larger L1 switch costs. Working memory was also related to larger L2 switch costs, but only when switching from L1. These results support theories of cognitive control that implicate both global and local control mechanisms, and suggest unique contributions of each EF to both global and local cognitive control during language switching. Finally, we discuss the implications for theories of multilingual language control.

scholarly journals Whole-Language and Item-Specific Inhibition in Bilingual Language Switching: The Role of Domain–General Inhibitory Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Judy D. Zhu ◽  
Paul F. Sowman
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Whole Language ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Language Selection ◽  
Language Control

A prominent theory of bilingual speech production holds that appropriate language selection is achieved via inhibitory control. Such inhibition may operate on the whole-language and/or item-specific level. In this study, we examined these two levels of control in parallel, by introducing a novel element into the traditional cued language switching paradigm: half of the stimuli were univalent (each required naming in the same language every time it appeared), and the other half were bivalent (each required naming in different languages on different trials). Contrasting switch and stay trials provided an index for whole-language inhibition, while contrasting bivalent and univalent stimuli provided an index for item-specific inhibition. We then investigated the involvement of domain-general brain mechanisms in these two levels of language control. Neuroimaging studies report activation of the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), a key region in the executive control brain network, during language switching tasks. However, it is unclear whether or not the pre-SMA plays a causal role in language control, and at which level it exerts control. Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to transiently disrupt the pre-SMA, we observed an essential role of this brain region in general speech execution, while evidence for its specific involvement in each level of inhibition remains inconclusive.

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