Sex differences in behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects induced by the forced swim test in rats

Neuroscience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Drossopoulou ◽  
K Antoniou ◽  
E Kitraki ◽  
G Papathanasiou ◽  
E Papalexi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim

Sertraline treatment attenuates the sex differentiated behavioural stress response in the rat forced swim test

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 802-802
Author(s):  
N. Kokras ◽  
C. Dalla ◽  
K. Antoniou ◽  
Z. Papadopoulou-Daifoti
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Climbing Behaviour

IntroductionSex differences have been described in depression and more recently in antidepressant response. Animal models and in particular the Forced Swim Test (FST), are widely used to investigate the behavioural response to stress and to antidepressant treatment.ObjectivesThe present study explored sex differences in the stress response during the FST and examined whether antidepressant treatment alleviates the sex-differentiated stress response.MethodsAdult male and female Wistar rats were subjected to a 15 min FST session and then treated with three injections of sertraline 10 mg/kg or vehicle at 0, 19 and 23 hours post-FST. Twenty-four hours after the first FST, they had a second 5 min FST session and their behaviour was recorded.ResultsVehicle-treated females exhibited 66% longer duration and 70% shorter latency of immobility than males, suggesting enhanced levels of despair. Sertraline did not significantly affect immobility, but exerted its antidepressant effect by elongating swimming duration in both sexes and shortening climbing behaviour in males only. In contrast, to vehicle-treated rats, no sex differences were observed in sertraline-treated rats in any of these behavioural parameters. However, sex-differences in head swinging behaviour, which is unaffected by sertraline treatment, were still observed in sertraline-treated rats.ConclusionsFemales appear more vulnerable than males to the FST, but the post-treatment organisation of FST behaviour is not sex-differentiated. Antidepressants seem to modulate the behavioural response in FST in a sex-specific way, due to sex differences in baseline FST performance. Consequently, the sex-differentiated stress response profile during FST is attenuated by antidepressant treatment.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Effects of a Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist in the Forced Swim Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Laman-Maharg ◽  
Alexia V. Williams ◽  
Mikaela D. Zufelt ◽  
Vanessa A. Minie ◽  
Stephanie Ramos-Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Opioid Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Forced Swim

scholarly journals The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

10.3791/52587 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Yankelevitch-Yahav ◽  
Motty Franko ◽  
Avrham Huly ◽  
Ravid Doron
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim

scholarly journals Low-dose irradiation reduces forced swim test-induced immobility and oxidative stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Shota Naoe ◽  
Takahiro Kataoka ◽  
Hina Shuto ◽  
Junki Yano ◽  
Tetsuya Nakada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Additive interaction between scopolamine and nitric oxide agents on immobility in the forced swim test but not exploratory activity in the hole-board

2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (11) ◽  
pp. 3353-3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nasehi ◽  
Mohammad-Hossein Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani ◽  
Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Hole Board

Standardised ginseng extract G115® potentiates the antidepressant-like properties of fluoxetine in the forced swim test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dylan J. Terstege ◽  
Debra S. MacDonald ◽  
R. Andrew Tasker
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze

Abstract Objective: Ginsenosides, biologically active components of the root of Panax ginseng, have been reported to have therapeutic benefits in a number of disease states including psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder. Our objective was to determine if a standardised commercial ginseng extract, G115®, could reduce the signs of behavioural despair commonly observed in animal models of depression either alone or in combination with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (N = 51) were divided into four groups: vehicle control, G115® ginseng root extract, fluoxetine and fluoxetine plus G115®. Rats were trained to voluntarily consume treatments twice daily for 14 days and were then tested in an open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). Post-mortem hippocampal and prefrontal cortex tissue was analysed for expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) by western blot. Results: One-way Analysis of Variance revealed no significant group differences in the OF or plus-maze performance on any variable examined. In the FST, fluoxetine significantly reduced immobility time and increased latency to immobility. The effects of fluoxetine were further significantly potentiated by co-administration of G115®. Post-mortem tissue analysis revealed significant group differences in BDNF expression in the left hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex without any accompanying changes in TrkB expression. Conclusions: We conclude that oral G115® significantly potentiates the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine in the FST in the absence of potentially confounding effects on locomotion and anxiety.

Profile of a short-acting κ-antagonist, LY2795050, on self-grooming behaviors, forced swim test and locomotor activity: sex comparison in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199688
Author(s):  
Eduardo R Butelman ◽  
Caroline Baynard ◽  
Bryan D McElroy ◽  
Thomas E Prisinzano ◽  
Mary Jeanne Kreek
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Κ Receptor

Background: Novel short-acting κ(kappa)-opioid receptor selective antagonists are translational tools to examine the impact of the κ-receptor/dynorphin system in assays related to central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., substance use disorders, anhedonia and depression). The effects of such compounds have been compared in males and females under very limited conditions. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine potential sex differences in the effects of a κ-agonist and a short-acting κ-antagonist in an ethologically relevant test of anhedonia, the “splash test” of self-grooming, and also in the forced swim test and in locomotor activity. Methods: We examined the dose-dependence of grooming deficits caused by the κ-agonist U50,488 (0.1–3.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in gonadally intact adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. We then compared the effects of the short-acting κ-antagonist LY2795050 ((3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide)); 0.032–0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in blocking grooming deficits caused by U50,488 (3.2 mg/kg). The effects of LY2795050 were also studied in the forced swim test (FST). The effects of LY2795050 in blocking the locomotor depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg) were also studied. Results: U50,488 produced dose-dependent grooming deficits in male and female mice, and LY2795050 prevented these effects. In contrast, LY2795050 decreased immobility in the FST in males at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, but not in females, up to a dose of 0.32 mg/kg. Also, LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg) prevented and also reversed the locomotor-depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg), in males and females. Conclusions: This study further implicates the κ-receptor system in ethologically relevant aspects of anhedonia, and confirms sexual dimorphism in some behavioral effects of novel κ-antagonists.

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