Effect of Etazolate upon Cuprizone-induced Demyelination In Vivo: Behavioral and Myelin Gene Analysis

ABSTRACT DNA sequences of three 18S rRNA gene alleles present in trophozoites obtained before and after therapy forAcanthamoeba keratitis substantiate a previous report that the infection was due to a single Acanthamoeba strain. Thus, the possibility that propamidine resistance which developed during therapy was due to a mixed infection was ruled out.

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In vivo corneal confocal microscopic findings and gene analysis of three patients with Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjo.2009.165217 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 262-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y.-J. Chen ◽

J.-T. Chen ◽

D.-W. Lu ◽

M.-C. Tai

Keyword(s):

Corneal Dystrophy ◽

Gene Analysis ◽

Microscopic Findings

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Protein Zero Gene Expression Is Regulated by the Glial Transcription Factor Sox10

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.20.9.3198-3209.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 3198-3209 ◽

Cited By ~ 148

Author(s):

Reto I. Peirano ◽

Derk E. Goerich ◽

Dieter Riethmacher ◽

Michael Wegner

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Schwann Cell ◽

Proximal Region ◽

Consensus Binding Site ◽

Protein Zero ◽

Myelin Gene

ABSTRACT Myelinating glia express high levels of a unique set of genes which code for structural proteins of the myelin sheath. Few transcription factors have so far been implicated in the regulation of any myelin gene. Here we show that the protein zero (P0) gene, a myelin gene exclusively expressed in the Schwann cell lineage of the peripheral nervous system, is controlled in its expression by the high-mobility-group domain protein Sox10 both in tissue culture and in vivo. Induction of wild-type Sox10, but not of other transcription factors or Sox10 mutants, strongly increased endogenous P0expression in tissue culture. This activation was mediated by the P0 promoter, which was stimulated by Sox10 in transient transfections. Detailed analyses revealed the involvement of a proximal and a distal promoter region. The distal region functioned only in conjunction with the proximal one and contained a single Sox consensus binding site, which accounted for most of its activity. In contrast, the proximal region mediated Sox10 responsiveness on its own. It contained multiple binding sites for Sox proteins, with two high-affinity sites being the most significant. P0expression also depended on Sox10 in vivo, as evident from the analysis of Schwann cell precursors in mouse embryos with Sox10 mutation at day 12.5 of embryogenesis. To our knowledge this is the most conclusive link to date between a glial transcription factor and cell-specific activation of myelin gene expression.

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Histone modifications affect timing of oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation in the developing rat brain

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.200412101 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 169 (4) ◽

pp. 577-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

Siming Shen ◽

Jiadong Li ◽

Patrizia Casaccia-Bonnefil

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Histone Deacetylases ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Histone Deacetylation ◽

Oligodendrocyte Differentiation ◽

Differentiation Markers ◽

Developing Rat ◽

Myelin Gene

Timely differentiation of progenitor cells is critical for development. In this study we asked whether global epigenetic mechanisms regulate timing of progenitor cell differentiation into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in vivo. Histone deacetylation was essential during a specific temporal window of development and was dependent on the enzymatic activity of histone deacetylases, whose expression was detected in the developing corpus callosum. During the first 10 postnatal days, administration of valproic acid (VPA), the specific inhibitor for histone deacetylase activity, resulted in significant hypomyelination with delayed expression of late differentiation markers and retained expression of progenitor markers. Differentiation resumed in VPA-injected rats if a recovery period was allowed. Administration of VPA after myelination onset had no effect on myelin gene expression and was consistent with changes of nucleosomal histones from reversible deacetylation to more stable methylation and chromatin compaction. Together, these data identify global modifications of nucleosomal histones critical for timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the developing corpus callosum.

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An efficient root transformation system for recalcitrant Vicia sativa

10.1101/2020.06.14.151175 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vy Nguyen ◽

Iain R. Searle

Keyword(s):

Hairy Roots ◽

Functional Gene ◽

Gene Analysis ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Transformation System ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Root Transformation ◽

Functional Gene Analysis

AbstractCommon vetch (Vicia sativa) is a multi-purpose legume widely used in pasture and crop rotation systems. Vetch seeds have desirable nutritional characteristics and are often used to feed ruminant animals. Although transcriptomes are available for vetch, problems with genetic transformation and plant regeneration hinder functional gene studies in this legume species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an efficient and rapid hairy root transformation system for common vetch to facilitate functional gene analysis. We infected the hypocotyls of five-day old in vitro or in vivo, soil grown, seedlings with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and produced transformed hairy roots 28 days later at 24% and 43% efficiency, respectively. Seventy-nine percent of the hairy roots from the in vitro plants showed stable expression of a co-transformed marker β-glucuronidase (GUS). In summary, transgenic hairy roots were obtained within 28 days, and are sufficient to facilitate functional gene analysis in common vetch.

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In vivo modulation of myelin gene expression by human recombinant IL-2

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/0165-5728(91)91018-8 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

M. Sessa ◽

R. Nemni ◽

S. Iannaccone ◽

A. Quattrini ◽

V. Confalonieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Myelin Gene

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bop5 mutations reveal new roles for the IC138 phosphoprotein in the regulation of flagellar motility and asymmetric waveforms

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e11-03-0270 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 2862-2874 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Kristyn E. VanderWaal ◽

Ryosuke Yamamoto ◽

Ken-ichi Wakabayashi ◽

Laura Fox ◽

Ritsu Kamiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Gene Analysis ◽

Null Alleles ◽

Complex Stability ◽

Flagellar Motility ◽

Wild Type ◽

Dynein Motor ◽

Intron Mutation

I1 dynein, or dynein f, is a highly conserved inner arm isoform that plays a key role in the regulation of flagellar motility. To understand how the IC138 IC/LC subcomplex modulates I1 activity, we characterized the molecular lesions and motility phenotypes of several bop5 alleles. bop5-3, bop5-4, and bop5-5 are null alleles, whereas bop5-6 is an intron mutation that reduces IC138 expression. I1 dynein assembles into the axoneme, but the IC138 IC/LC subcomplex is missing. bop5 strains, like other I1 mutants, swim forward with reduced swimming velocities and display an impaired reversal response during photoshock. Unlike mutants lacking the entire I1 dynein, however, bop5 strains exhibit normal phototaxis. bop5 defects are rescued by transformation with the wild-type IC138 gene. Analysis of flagellar waveforms reveals that loss of the IC138 subcomplex reduces shear amplitude, sliding velocities, and the speed of bend propagation in vivo, consistent with the reduction in microtubule sliding velocities observed in vitro. The results indicate that the IC138 IC/LC subcomplex is necessary to generate an efficient waveform for optimal motility, but it is not essential for phototaxis. These findings have significant implications for the mechanisms by which IC/LC complexes regulate dynein motor activity independent of effects on cargo binding or complex stability.

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Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050287 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

S. Phyllis Steamer ◽

Rosemarie L. Devine

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽

Fission Neutrons ◽

Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

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Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053425 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 142-145

Author(s):

E. J. Kollar

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Basal Lamina ◽

Functional Derivatives ◽

Specific Source ◽

Dental Epithelium ◽

Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

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