Chemogenetic silencing of hippocampus and amygdala reveals a double dissociation in periadolescent obesogenic diet-induced memory alterations

One major factor affecting physiology often overlooked when comparing data from animal models and humans is the effect of ambient temperature. The majority of rodent housing is maintained at ~22°C, the thermoneutral temperature for lightly clothed humans. However, mice have a much higher thermoneutral temperature of ~30°C, consequently data collected at 22°C in mice could be influenced by animals being exposed to a chronic cold stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of housing temperature on glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism of mice fed normal chow or a high-fat, obesogenic diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J(Arc) mice were housed at standard temperature (22°C) or at thermoneutrality (29°C) and fed either chow or a 60% HFD for 13 weeks. The HFD increased fat mass and produced glucose intolerance as expected but this was not exacerbated in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Changing the ambient temperature, however, did alter energy expenditure, food intake, lipid content and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver and brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mice regulate energy balance at different housing temperatures to maintain whole-body glucose tolerance and adiposity irrespective of the diet. Despite this, metabolic differences in individual tissues were apparent. In conclusion, dietary intervention in mice has a greater impact on adiposity and glucose metabolism than housing temperature although temperature is still a significant factor in regulating metabolic parameters in individual tissues.

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1853-P: Neutrophils Play a Pivotal Role in Obesogenic Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-1853-p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1853-P

Author(s):

QIONG L. ZHOU ◽

SHOAIB KHAN ◽

MICHAEL RIGOR ◽

INDEEVAR BEERAM ◽

ZHEN Y. JIANG

Keyword(s):

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Obesogenic Diet

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A double dissociation between hippocampal subfields: differential time course of CA3 and CA1 place cells for processing changed environments.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1020905.241463 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Edvard I Moser

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Place Cells ◽

Hippocampal Subfields ◽

Double Dissociation

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Double dissociation of 'what' and 'where' processing in auditory cortex.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1109052.793497272 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Linden

Keyword(s):

Auditory Cortex ◽

Double Dissociation

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Double dissociation of stimulus-value and action-value learning in humans with orbitofrontal or anterior cingulate cortex damage.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.13381001.14750158 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Jay Gottfried ◽

Katherina Hauner

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Double Dissociation ◽

Action Value ◽

Stimulus Value ◽

Value Learning

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Mechanisms Underlying the Cognitive and Behavioural Effects of Maternal Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Kyoko Hasebe ◽

Michael D. Kendig ◽

Margaret J. Morris

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Affective State ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Brain Network ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Obesogenic Diet

The widespread consumption of ‘western’-style diets along with sedentary lifestyles has led to a global epidemic of obesity. Epidemiological, clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that maternal obesity, overnutrition and unhealthy dietary patterns programs have lasting adverse effects on the physical and mental health of offspring. We review currently available preclinical and clinical evidence and summarise possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which maternal overnutrition may perturb offspring cognitive function, affective state and psychosocial behaviour, with a focus on (1) neuroinflammation; (2) disrupted neuronal circuities and connectivity; and (3) dysregulated brain hormones. We briefly summarise research implicating the gut microbiota in maternal obesity-induced changes to offspring behaviour. In animal models, maternal obesogenic diet consumption disrupts CNS homeostasis in offspring, which is critical for healthy neurodevelopment, by altering hypothalamic and hippocampal development and recruitment of glial cells, which subsequently dysregulates dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. The adverse effects of maternal obesogenic diets are also conferred through changes to hormones including leptin, insulin and oxytocin which interact with these brain regions and neuronal circuits. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may directly and indirectly contribute to these maternal diet effects in both human and animal studies. As the specific pathways shaping abnormal behaviour in offspring in the context of maternal obesogenic diet exposure remain unknown, further investigations are needed to address this knowledge gap. Use of animal models permits investigation of changes in neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter activity and hormones across global brain network and sex differences, which could be directly and indirectly modulated by the gut microbiome.

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Identification of an Obesogenic Dietary Pattern Using Partial Least Squares in a Nationally-Representative Sample of Canadian Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 552-552

Author(s):

Alena Ng ◽

Mahsa Jessri ◽

Mary L'Abbé

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Partial Least Squares ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Fast Food ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Hybrid Methods ◽

Nutritional Epidemiology ◽

Obesogenic Diet ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives Hybrid methods of dietary patterns analysis have emerged as a unique and informative way to study diet-disease relationships in nutritional epidemiology research. The objectives of this research were to identify an obesogenic dietary pattern using weighted PLS in nationally-representative Canadian survey data, and to identify key foods and/or beverages associated with the defined obesogenic pattern. Methods Data from one 24-hr dietary recall data from the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS) 2015 (n = 12,110 adults) were used. Weighed partial least squares (wPLS) was used to identify an obesogenic dietary pattern from 40 standardized food and/or beverage categories using the variables energy density, fibre density, and total fat as outcomes. The association between the derived dietary pattern and likelihood of obesity was examined using weighted multivariate logistic regression. Key dietary components highly associated with the derived pattern were identified. Results Compared to quartile one (i.e., those least adherent to an obesogenic dietary pattern), those in quartile four had a 2.40-fold increased odds of being obese (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.91, 3.02, P-trend < 0.0001) with a monotonically increasing trend. Using a factor loading significance cut-off of ≥|0.17|, three food/beverage categories loaded positively for the derived obesogenic dietary pattern: fast food, carbonated drinks and salty snacks. Seven food/beverage categories loaded negatively (i.e., in the protective direction): consumption of whole fruits, orange vegetables, “other” vegetables (including vegetable juice), whole grains, dark green vegetables, legumes and soy, and pasta and rice. Conclusions This study pinpoints key dietary components that are associated with obesity and consumed among a nationally-representative sample of Canadians adults. Compared to a similarly-defined obesogenic diet identified by our research group in 2004, the top contributors to a Canadian-specific obesogenic diet in 2015 have remained consistent. This evidence may aid in developing targeted policies and dietary interventions for obesity and chronic disease prevention. Funding Sources Supported by grants from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Innovation in Regulatory Science Award and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

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Navy Bean Supplementation in Established High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Attenuates the Severity of the Obese Inflammatory Phenotype

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 757

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Monk ◽

Wenqing Wu ◽

Dion Lepp ◽

K. Peter Pauls ◽

Lindsay E. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Control Diet ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

High Fat ◽

Navy Bean ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Inflammatory Phenotype ◽

Obesogenic Diet ◽

Obese Phenotype

Cooked common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) improve intestinal health in lean mice and attenuate intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation when consumed concurrent with obesity development. We determined the effects of a high-fat (HF) bean supplemented diet in mice with established obesity (induced by 12 weeks of HF diet (60% fat as kcal)) compared to obese mice consuming a HF or low-fat (LF) weight loss control diet. Obese C57BL/6 male mice remained consuming HF for eight weeks or were randomly switched from HF to an isocaloric HF with 15.7% cooked navy bean powder diet (HFàHFB) or LF (11% fat as kcal; HFàLF) (n = 12/group). HFàHFB improved the obese phenotype, including (i) fecal microbiome (increased Prevotella, Akkermansia muciniphila, and short-chain fatty acid levels), (ii) intestinal health (increased ZO-1, claudin-2, Muc2, Relmβ, and Reg3γ expression), and (iii) reduced adipose tissue (AT) inflammatory proteins (NFκBp65, STAT3, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-1α), versus HF (p < 0.05). Conversely, HFàLF reduced body weight and circulating hormones (leptin, resistin, and PAI-1) versus HF and HFàHFB (p < 0.05); however, AT inflammation and intestinal health markers were not improved to the same degree as HFàHFB (p < 0.05). Despite remaining on a HF obesogenic diet, introducing beans in established obesity improved the obese phenotype (intestinal health and adipose inflammation) more substantially than weight loss alone.

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