The spillover fraction of thallium photons in the I-123 energy window: Implications for post-exercise dual isotope simultaneous 6123i9 BMIPP and thallium imaging

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. S33
Author(s):  
M MAGRAM
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Kangasmaa ◽  
Jyrki Kuikka ◽  
Antti Sohlberg

Simultaneous Tl-201/Tc-99m dual isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT is seriously hampered by down-scatter from Tc-99m into the Tl-201 energy window. This paper presents and optimises the ordered-subsets-expectation-maximisation-(OS-EM-) based reconstruction algorithm, which corrects the down-scatter using an efficient Monte Carlo (MC) simulator. The algorithm starts by first reconstructing the Tc-99m image with attenuation, collimator response, and MC-based scatter correction. The reconstructed Tc-99m image is then used as an input for an efficient MC-based down-scatter simulation of Tc-99m photons into the Tl-201 window. This down-scatter estimate is finally used in the Tl-201 reconstruction to correct the crosstalk between the two isotopes. The mathematical 4D NCAT phantom and physical cardiac phantoms were used to optimise the number of OS-EM iterations where the scatter estimate is updated and the number of MC simulated photons. The results showed that two scatter update iterations and 105 simulated photons are enough for the Tc-99m and Tl-201 reconstructions, whereas 106 simulated photons are needed to generate good quality down-scatter estimates. With these parameters, the entire Tl-201/Tc-99m dual isotope reconstruction can be accomplished in less than 3 minutes.


Author(s):  
Xudong Weng ◽  
Peter Rez

In electron energy loss spectroscopy, quantitative chemical microanalysis is performed by comparison of the intensity under a specific inner shell edge with the corresponding partial cross section. There are two commonly used models for calculations of atomic partial cross sections, the hydrogenic model and the Hartree-Slater model. Partial cross sections could also be measured from standards of known compositions. These partial cross sections are complicated by variations in the edge shapes, such as the near edge structure (ELNES) and extended fine structures (ELEXFS). The role of these solid state effects in the partial cross sections, and the transferability of the partial cross sections from material to material, has yet to be fully explored. In this work, we consider the oxygen K edge in several oxides as oxygen is present in many materials. Since the energy window of interest is in the range of 20-100 eV, we limit ourselves to the near edge structures.


Author(s):  
Lee H. Veneklasen

This paper discusses some of the unique aspects of a spectroscopic emission microscope now being tested in Clausthal. The instrument is designed for the direct parallel imaging of both elastic and inelastic electrons from flat surfaces. Elastic contrast modes of the familiar LEEM include large and small angle LEED, mirror microscopy, backscatter diffraction contrast (for imaging of surface structure), and phase contrast (for imaging of step dynamics)(1). Inelastic modes include topology sensitive secondary, and work function sensitive photoemission. Most important, the new instrument will also allow analytical imaging using characteristic Auger or soft X-ray emissions. The basic instrument has been described by Bauer and Telieps (2). This configuration has been redesigned to include an airlock, and a LaB6 gun, triple condensor lens, magnetic objective lens, a double focussing separator field, an imaging energy analyzer, and a real time image processor.Fig. 1 shows the new configuration. The basic beam voltage supply Vo = 20 KV, upon which separate supplies for the gun Vg, specimen Vs, lens electrode Vf, and analyzer bias Vb float. The incident energy at the sample can be varied from Vs = 0-1 KV for elastic imaging, or from Vg + Vs = (3 + Vs) KV for inelastic imaging. The image energy window Vs±V/2 may be varied without readjusting either the illumation, or imaging/analyzer optics. The diagram shows conjugate diffraction and image planes. The apertures defining incoming Humiliation and outgoing image angles are placed below the separator magnet to allow for their independent optimization. The instrument can illuminate and image 0.5-100 μm fields at 0-1 keV emission energies with an energy window down to 0.2 eV.


1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Kopitsky ◽  
Mary Ellen P Switzer ◽  
R Sanders Williams ◽  
Patrick A McKee

SummaryWe studied the effect of acute exercise on the ability of thrombin to activate plasma factor VIII (FVIII) activity in 20 healthy males. The subject showed an average exercise-related increase in FVIII activity of 54.5±8.2% over pre-exercise FVIII activity (p<0.001). When exposed to the same concentration of thrombin, post-exercise FVIII activity showed greater enhancement than pre-exercise FVIII activity: 157.1±12.8% increase in activity versus 117.3±9.9%, respectively (p<0.01). The degree of the potentiated thrombin effect in post-exercise samples relative to pre-exercise samples was linearly correlated with the degree of the exercise-related increase in FVIII activity. Taken together with our previous observations that the extent of thrombin enhancement of FVIII activity varies inversely with the mole ratio of FVIII/von Willebrand factor subunits to thrombin, these findings imply that release of FVIII does not occur during exercise, and that the exercise-related increase in FVIII activity results primarily, if not completely, from activation of already circulating but inactive FVIII.


Skull Base ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Shrivastava ◽  
Jonathan Lesser ◽  
Munir Ghesani ◽  
Chandranath Sen

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