Current opinion on dietary advice in order to preserve fat-free mass during a low-calorie diet

Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 110667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Rondanelli ◽  
Milena Anna Faliva ◽  
Clara Gasparri ◽  
Gabriella Peroni ◽  
Daniele Spadaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

scholarly journals A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Impact of a Low-Calorie Ketogenic vs a Standard Low-Calorie Diet on Fat-Free Mass in Patients Receiving an Elipse™ Intragastric Balloon Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Schiavo ◽  
Giovanni De Stefano ◽  
Francesco Persico ◽  
Stefano Gargiulo ◽  
Federica Di Spirito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Intragastric Balloon ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Elipse™ intragastric balloon (EIGB) is a new swallowable balloon for weight loss (WL). Preserving metabolically active fat-free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) during WL are crucial to maximize fat mass (FM) loss. After EIGB placement, a standard low-calorie diet (LCD) is generally prescribed. A low-calorie ketogenic diet (LCKD) has proven to be safe and effective in reducing FM while preserving FFM and RMR. Objective To prospectively compare the effects on WL, FM, FFM, and RMR in two groups of patients who were randomized to two different diets: LCKD and a standard LCD after EIGB placement. Methods WL, FM, FFM, and RMR were measured before EIGB and at 4 months in 48 patients who received either a LCKD (n = 24) or a standard LCD (n = 24). Compliance in following the prescribed diet was determined with food frequency questionnaires in all patients. The impact of LCKD and LCD on renal function was also evaluated. Results The LCKD group showed a significantly lower decrease in FFM and RMR when compared with the LCD group (3.55 vs 14.3%, p < 0.001; 9.79 vs 11.4%, p < 0.001, respectively). FM decreased more significantly with LCKD compared to LCD (41.6 vs 33.1%, p = 0.0606). Compliance in following the prescribed diets, without negative impact on renal function, was found. Conclusion Based on our findings, despite the small sample size, we were able to support the hypothesis that LCKD is associated with an increased FM loss while reducing the FFM loss and the RMR, without interfering with renal function after EIGB.

scholarly journals Leptin Replacement Prevents Weight Loss-Induced Metabolic Adaptation in Congenital Leptin-Deficient Patients

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 839-840
Author(s):  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
Frank L. Greenway ◽  
Ma-Li Wong ◽  
Julio Licinio ◽  
Eric Ravussin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calorie Diet

ABSTRACT Context: Leptin regulates energy homeostasis by suppressing food intake; however, its role in energy expenditure and fat oxidation remains uncertain in humans. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess 24-h energy metabolism before and after weight loss induced by leptin treatment in congenital leptin-deficient subjects or low-calorie diet in controls. Design and Patients: We measured 24-h energy expenditure, 24-h fat oxidation, and body fat in three null homozygous leptin-deficient obese adults before and after weight loss induced by a 19-wk leptin replacement period (0.02-0.04 mg/kg/d). The same measures were performed in three obese controls pair-matched for sex, age, and weight loss induced by a 10- to 21-wk low-calorie diet. Measurements were preceded for 1 wk of weight stabilization. Energy expenditure was adjusted for fat-free mass, fat mass, sex, and age based on a reference population (n = 842; R2 = 0.85; P &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, fat oxidation was adjusted for fat-free mass, percentage body fat, energy balance, and diet composition during the 24-h respiratory chamber stay (R2 = 0.38; P &lt; 0.0001). Results: Before weight loss, congenital leptin-deficient and control subjects had similar energy expenditure. However, after weight loss (∼15 kg), controls had energy expenditures lower than expected for their new weight and body composition (−265 ± 76 kcal/d; P = 0.04), whereas leptin-treated subjects had values not different from the reference population (−128 ± 119 kcal/d; P = 0.67). Before weight loss, fat oxidation was similar between groups. However, after weight loss, leptin-treated subjects had higher fat oxidation than controls (P = 0.005) and higher than the reference population (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: In congenital leptin-deficient subjects, leptin replacement prevented the decrease in energy expenditure and fat oxidation often observed after weight loss.

scholarly journals Leptin Replacement Prevents Weight Loss-Induced Metabolic Adaptation in Congenital Leptin-Deficient Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
Frank L. Greenway ◽  
Sinan Caglayan ◽  
Ma-Li Wong ◽  
Julio Licinio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calorie Diet

Abstract Context: Leptin regulates energy homeostasis by suppressing food intake; however, its role in energy expenditure and fat oxidation remains uncertain in humans. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess 24-h energy metabolism before and after weight loss induced by leptin treatment in congenital leptin-deficient subjects or low-calorie diet in controls. Design and Patients: We measured 24-h energy expenditure, 24-h fat oxidation, and body fat in three null homozygous leptin-deficient obese adults before and after weight loss induced by a 19-wk leptin replacement period (0.02–0.04 mg/kg/d). The same measures were performed in three obese controls pair-matched for sex, age, and weight loss induced by a 10- to 21-wk low-calorie diet. Measurements were preceded for 1 wk of weight stabilization. Energy expenditure was adjusted for fat-free mass, fat mass, sex, and age based on a reference population (n = 842; R2 = 0.85; P &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, fat oxidation was adjusted for fat-free mass, percentage body fat, energy balance, and diet composition during the 24-h respiratory chamber stay (R2 = 0.38; P &lt; 0.0001). Results: Before weight loss, congenital leptin-deficient and control subjects had similar energy expenditure. However, after weight loss (∼15 kg), controls had energy expenditures lower than expected for their new weight and body composition (−265 ± 76 kcal/d; P = 0.04), whereas leptin-treated subjects had values not different from the reference population (−128 ± 119 kcal/d; P = 0.67). Before weight loss, fat oxidation was similar between groups. However, after weight loss, leptin-treated subjects had higher fat oxidation than controls (P = 0.005) and higher than the reference population (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: In congenital leptin-deficient subjects, leptin replacement prevented the decrease in energy expenditure and fat oxidation often observed after weight loss.

The early improvement of glycaemia following RYGB can be mimicked by a Very Low Calorie Diet in obese volunteers with diabetes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeshila Behary ◽  
George Tharakan ◽  
Werd Al-Najim ◽  
Adrian Brown ◽  
Alexander Miras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

Lipocalin Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (LPGDS) Levels following Sleeve Gastrectomy and a Very-Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD)—A Pilot Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 299-LB
Author(s):  
RAYMOND G. LAU ◽  
SUNIL KUMAR ◽  
JENNY LEE ◽  
CHRIS HALL ◽  
THOMAS PALAIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 Synthase

scholarly journals Serum concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics over the bariatric surgery procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna M. Wallerstedt ◽  
Karin Nylén ◽  
Magnus A. B. Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose As a substantial proportion of bariatric surgery patients use psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs, we investigated the impact of this procedure on serum concentrations. Methods In a naturalistic, longitudinal, prospective case series, we compared dose-adjusted trough concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, or antiepileptics in consecutive patients before and after bariatric surgery. Adherence to treatment over 2 weeks preceding each sampling was considered. Results In all, 85 participants were included (86% female, median age 45 years, median body mass index 42 kg/m2). They were being treated with 18 different psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs (7 substances: 6–17 individuals, 11 substances: 1–4 individuals) and contributed 237 samples over a median of 379 days after surgery. For four out of seven substances with pre-/post-surgery samples available from six or more individuals, the dose-adjusted concentration was reduced (sertraline: 51%, mirtazapine: 41%, duloxetine: 35%, citalopram: 19%). For sertraline and mirtazapine, the low-calorie-diet before surgery entirely explained this reduction. A consistent finding, irrespective of drug, was the association between the mean ratio of the post-/pre-diet dose-adjusted concentration and the lipophilicity of the drug (logD; correlation coefficient: −0.69, P = 0.0005), the low-calorie diet often affecting serum concentration more than the surgery itself. Conclusions Serum concentrations of psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs vary after bariatric surgery and can be hard to predict in individual patients, suggesting that therapeutic drug monitoring is of value. Conversely, effects of the pre-surgery, low-calorie diet appear generalizable, with decreased concentrations of highly lipophilic drugs and increased concentrations of highly hydrophilic drugs. Interaction effects (surgery/dose/concentration) were not evident but cannot be excluded.

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