The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pets and other wild and domestic animals strongly mandates a one-health strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease, which mainly affects poor communities. It is one of the major vector-borne disease and endemic in Pakistan. Methods A case-control study to evaluate potential risk factors of human-CL was conducted in Khewra region, District Jhelum, Pakistan from January–April 2014. Case data about 90 cases registered during October 2012 to November 2013 was retrieved from Municipal Hospital. Controls were matched (1,1 ratio) on the date of registration with cases from same hospital. Both cases and controls were invited to participate and data was collected in a face-to-face interview. A prospective study of canine leishmaniasis (canine-CL) was also conducted at Civil Veterinary Hospital in the same area. Suspected dogs with skin ulceration signs were included in the study and blood samples were collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine association between various parameters and outcome of interest. Results The ages of cases ranged from 1 to 76 years (median = 15 years) and proved to be protective factor i.e. increase in each year in age reduced the likelihood of being infected with human-CL [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.25–0.76]. People sleeping outsides in an open area were more likely to become a case (OR = 8.7, 95% CI = 2.90–26.37) than a control. Poor sanitary condition inside the house (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.03–10.56) and presence of other animals in house (livestock, poultry) (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.07–12.12) also identified as risk factors of high significance. The proportion of positive dogs with canine-CL was 21.05% and was significantly associated with human-CL cases in the same area (p < 0.05). Conclusions We concluded that adopting self-protections measures against sand-fly, and maintaining good hygiene may lower the risk of human-CL. One-Health Strategy is suggested to control leishmaniasis in human and dog population.

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Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A One Health perspective

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-021-07072-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos ◽

Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos ◽

Artur Kanadani Campos ◽

Filipe Dantas-Torres ◽

Domenico Otranto

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Rural Settings ◽

Veterinary Importance ◽

Insect Populations ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Peripheral Areas ◽

Zoonotic Parasites ◽

And Control

AbstractMedium sized opossums (Didelphis spp.) are among the most fascinating mammals of the Americas, playing important ecological roles (e.g., dispersal of seeds and control of insect populations) in the environment they inhabit. Nevertheless, as synanthropic animals, they are well adapted to human dwellings, occupying shelters within the cities, peripheral areas, and rural settings. These marsupials can harbor numerous pathogens, which may affect people, pets, and livestock. Among those, some protozoa (e.g., Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii), helminths (e.g., Ancylostoma caninum, Trichinella spiralis, Alaria marcianae, Paragonimus spp.) and arthropods (e.g., ticks, fleas) present substantial public health and veterinary importance, due to their capacity to cause disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Here, we reviewed the role played by opossums on the spreading of zoonotic parasites, vectors, and vector-borne pathogens, highlighting the risks of pathogens transmission due to the direct and indirect interaction of humans and domestic animals with Didelphis spp. in the Americas.

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN VOJVODINA, SERBIA, 2009-2018, FROM THE ASPECT OF ONE HEALTH

Archives of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.46784/eavm.v14i1.267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 69-84

Author(s):

Tatjana Pustahija ◽

Vladimir Vuković ◽

Mioljub Ristić ◽

Snežana Medić ◽

Tanja Tomašević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Human Leptospirosis ◽

Weak Positive Correlation ◽

Topographic Characteristics ◽

The Mean ◽

Autonomous Province ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Strength Of Association

This study attempts to summarize epidemiological characteristics of human leptospirosis and to determine the seroprevalence of this disease among domestic animals in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, for the period 2009-2018. Chronological, demographic and topographic characteristics of human cases were analyzed. Pearson's correlation was used to explore correlations between different meteorological factors and trends in time-series of human cases. Overall 87 human cases of leptospirosis and five subsequent deaths (CFR: 5.75%) were recorded in the ten-year period. The average annual incidence rate was 0.45/100,000 (range: 0.16-1.50/100,000). The disease was more prevalent in males (M/F=16.40:1), with the majority of cases reported in August (N=23; 26.44%), September (N=20; 23.00%) and October (N=15; 17,24%). A statistically significant weak positive correlation was observed between the mean monthly air temperature and the number of human cases of leptospirosis of the same month (r=0.30, p<0.01) and a statistically significant weak positive correlation was found between the number of human cases and the sum of precipitation in the previous month (r=0.27, p<0.01). The average annual seroprevalence among domestic animals in total was 1.13% (range: 0.23% -3.65%). Seropositivity of tested samples of cats, dogs, cattle, donkeys, horses, sheep, pigs and goats was 25%, 9.50%, 8.55%, 6.25%, 1.59%, 0.25%, 0.18%, 0.00, respectively. Human and animal leptospirosis continuously occurs in Vojvodina, which implies the need for continuous and quality monitoring of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation of this disease. Further, more comprehensive parallel studies in humans and animals are needed, as well as additional studies of living conditions of animals on farms with leptospirosis and the studies that will determine the strength of association between climatic/ environmental factors and leptospirosis in Vojvodina. Key words: Human leptospirosis, animal leptospirosis, zoonosis, epidemiology, seroprevalence, one health.

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A One Health Approach to Child Stunting: Evidence and Research Agenda

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.20-1129 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Radhika Gharpure ◽

Siobhan Mor ◽

Mark Viney ◽

Tinashe Hodobo ◽

Joanne Lello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Research Agenda ◽

One Health ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Middle Income ◽

Limited Impact ◽

Child Stunting ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Health Strategy ◽

Height For Age

Stunting (low height for age) affects approximately one-quarter of children aged < 5 years worldwide. Given the limited impact of current interventions for stunting, new multisectoral evidence-based approaches are needed to decrease the burden of stunting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recognizing that the health of people, animals, and the environment are connected, we present the rationale and research agenda for considering a One Health approach to child stunting. We contend that a One Health strategy may uncover new approaches to tackling child stunting by addressing several interdependent factors that prevent children from thriving in LMICs, and that coordinated interventions among humans, animals, and environmental health sectors may have a synergistic effect in stunting reduction.

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Seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases among farm animals in Kvemo Kartli (Georgia)

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics ◽

10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7753 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Goginashvili ◽

M. Donduashvili ◽

Gaga Osiashvili ◽

Ryan Arner ◽

Lile Malania

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Bacillus Anthracis ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Direct Contact ◽

One Health ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Health Measures

ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to study the seroprevalence ofzoonotic diseases among farm animals in the Kvemo Kartli regionof Georgia.IntroductionZoonotic diseases are an important cause of human morbidityand mortality; around 75% of recently emerging human infectiousdiseases are zoonoses. Herein we report the first seroprevalence studyto include a range of emerging or re-emerging zoonotic pathogens ofeconomic concern (including:Bacillus anthracis, Coxiella burnetii,Francisellaspp.,Brucellaspp., and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagicfever virus (CCHFV)) affecting domestic animals (e.g., cattle, sheep,goat, and dog) in Georgia.MethodsCattle (n=177) from Gardabani, Marneuli, and Tsalka(Kvemo Kartli region) were sampled for the study as were small ruminantsand dogs (n=30).Bacillus anthracis, Brucellaspp., CCHFV, andC. burnetii(Phase I) were detected using ELISA methods.Francisellatularensiswas detected using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT).ResultsOf the cattle sampled, 11 were positive forF. tularensis, 39 werepositive forBrucellaspp., and seven were positive forC. burnetii. Allsamples were negative for CCHFV. Three goat samples were positiveforC. burnetii, one goat sample and one dog sample were positive forF. tularensis.ConclusionsDomestic animals serve as a source of disease that can spreadto humans through vectors or direct contact. In Georgia, domesticanimals were not previously studied for exposure to zoonotic diseases,with the exception of cattle, which were surveyed for brucellosis.In particular, the finding ofF. tularensisseropositive animals isnovel in Georgia, as this region was considered free of the pathogen.Screening studies of domestic/farm animals for zoonotic pathogenssuch as this can serve as a source of baseline data for regional riskassessments and to better inform One Health measures.

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