scholarly journals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a neglected disease needing one health strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Kayani ◽  
Shakera Sadiq ◽  
Hamad Bin Rashid ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Altaf Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
One Health ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease, which mainly affects poor communities. It is one of the major vector-borne disease and endemic in Pakistan. Methods A case-control study to evaluate potential risk factors of human-CL was conducted in Khewra region, District Jhelum, Pakistan from January–April 2014. Case data about 90 cases registered during October 2012 to November 2013 was retrieved from Municipal Hospital. Controls were matched (1,1 ratio) on the date of registration with cases from same hospital. Both cases and controls were invited to participate and data was collected in a face-to-face interview. A prospective study of canine leishmaniasis (canine-CL) was also conducted at Civil Veterinary Hospital in the same area. Suspected dogs with skin ulceration signs were included in the study and blood samples were collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine association between various parameters and outcome of interest. Results The ages of cases ranged from 1 to 76 years (median = 15 years) and proved to be protective factor i.e. increase in each year in age reduced the likelihood of being infected with human-CL [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.25–0.76]. People sleeping outsides in an open area were more likely to become a case (OR = 8.7, 95% CI = 2.90–26.37) than a control. Poor sanitary condition inside the house (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.03–10.56) and presence of other animals in house (livestock, poultry) (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.07–12.12) also identified as risk factors of high significance. The proportion of positive dogs with canine-CL was 21.05% and was significantly associated with human-CL cases in the same area (p < 0.05). Conclusions We concluded that adopting self-protections measures against sand-fly, and maintaining good hygiene may lower the risk of human-CL. One-Health Strategy is suggested to control leishmaniasis in human and dog population.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244923
Author(s):  
Pasquale Rombolà ◽  
Giulia Barlozzari ◽  
Andrea Carvelli ◽  
Manuela Scarpulla ◽  
Francesca Iacoponi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Hunting Dogs

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean area and transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly vectors. The domestic dog is the main reservoir host. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different individual, environmental and spatial risk factors on the dog exposure to L. infantum and to estimate the seroprevalence among owned and kennel dogs, in the Lazio region (central Italy), where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the period 2010–2014, 13,292 sera from kennel and owned dogs were collected by official and private veterinarians. The presence of anti-Leishmania IgG was analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a 1:80 titre cut-off. At the univariable analysis, CanL seropositivity was associated with sex, size, breed, coat length, living with other dogs and forest/semi-natural land cover. At the multivariable analysis, age, ownership and attitude were confirmed as risk factors, being more than 2 years old, owned, and hunting dogs at higher risk. Being a Maremma sheepdog was a protective factor. A true overall seroprevalence of 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2–7.2) was estimated in the whole population while 7.3% (95% CI: 6.8–7.8) was estimated in kennel dogs and 74.3% (95% CI: 70.8–77.6) in owned dogs. The role of kennels as a key component for CanL active and passive surveillance was also highlighted. This study confirmed the endemicity of CanL in the Lazio region and focused some factors that can influence the seropositivity of dogs in a Mediterranean region.

Feasibility of telemedicine in the management strategy of patients with lymphoma amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, a prospective study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Cordoba ◽  
Alberto Lopez-Garcia ◽  
Daniel Morillo ◽  
Maria-Angeles Perez-Saenz ◽  
Elham Askari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Recurrent hospital visits were potential risk factors for COVID-19 contagion. OBJECTIVE The aims of this prospective observational study was to analyze the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in the health care of patients with lymphoma and the impact of telemedicine strategies such as the patient portal in their management. METHODS All data were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR). Variables such as age, sex, matter of the visit, use of patient’s portal, changes in management, impact in clinical trials and suffering from COVID-19 contagion were recorded. RESULTS 290 patients were attended in the lymphoma clinic accomplishing 437 appointments. The median age was 66 years (range 18-94), and 157 (54.13%) were male. Of them, 109 out of 290 (37.58%) were aged older then 70 years. Regarding number of visits, 214 patients (73.79%) had only 1 visit to the hospital. Only 23 patients (7.93%) didn’t have access to patient’s portal. During the follow-up, only 7 patients (2.41%) suffered from COVID-19, with a median age of 66 years (51-80). CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine such as patient’s portal are feasible strategies in the management of patients with lymphoma during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a reduction of in-person visits to hospital and a very low contagion rate. This experience allowed us to continue with a new digital health strategy in the follow up of patients with hematologic malignancies. CLINICALTRIAL Not registered.

scholarly journals Prognosis and Risk Factors for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Cai ◽  
Xiaodong Tang ◽  
Haijie Liang ◽  
Rongli Yang ◽  
Taiqiang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Malignant Grade

Abstract Background: No available meta-analysis was printed to systematically introduce the MPNST clinic outcome and risk factors based on largely pooled data. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate 5-year OS rate, 5-year EFS rate and LR rate for MPNST, and to assess potential risk factors for prognosis.Methods: Electronic articles published between January 1, 1966 and February 29, 2020, were searched and critically evaluated. The authors independently reviewed the abstracts and extracted data for 5-year OS rate, 5-year EFS rate, LR rate, and potential risk factors for prognosis.Results: Twenty-eight literatures were finally included for meta-analysis. The pooled 5-year OS rate, 5-year EFS rate, and LR rate were 49%, 37%, and 38%, respectively. The significant prognostic factors for survival were NF1 status, tumor size, depth, location, malignant grade, margin status, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Age and sex were not associated with survival.Conclusion: Survival and local recurrence of MPNST are poor. Worse prognosis is mainly associated with NF 1, large size, deep to fascia, high grade, metastases and location (trunk and head & neck). Complete resection with adequate surgical margins is the mainstay protective factor of MPNST patients, following necessary adjuvant therapies.

scholarly journals Description and analysis of representative COVID-19 cases–A retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255513
Author(s):  
Yannis Herrmann ◽  
Tim Starck ◽  
Niall Brindl ◽  
Philip J. Kitchen ◽  
Lukas Rädeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Representative Cohort

Background Most data on COVID-19 was collected in hospitalized cases. Much less is known about the spectrum of disease in entire populations. In this study, we examine a representative cohort of primarily symptomatic cases in an administrative district in Southern Germany. Methods We contacted all confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in the administrative district. Consenting participants answered a retrospective survey either via a telephone, electronically or via mail. Clinical and sociodemographic features were compared between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Additionally, we assessed potential risk factors for hospitalization and time to hospitalization in a series of regression models. Results We included 897 participants in our study, 69% out of 1,305 total cases in the district with a mean age of 47 years (range 2–97), 51% of which were female and 47% had a pre-existing illness. The percentage of asymptomatic, mild, moderate (leading to hospital admission) and critical illness (requiring mechanical ventilation) was 54 patients (6%), 713 (79%), 97 (11%) and 16 (2%), respectively. Seventeen patients (2%) died. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (65%), cough (62%) and dysgeusia (60%). The risk factors for hospitalization included older age (OR 1.05 per year increase; 95% CI 1.04–1.07) preexisting lung conditions (OR 3.09; 95% CI 1.62–5.88). Female sex was a protective factor (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.33–0.77). Conclusion This representative analysis of primarily symptomatic COVID-19 cases confirms age, male sex and preexisting lung conditions but not cardiovascular disease as risk factors for severe illness. Almost 80% of infection take a mild course, whereas 13% of patients suffer moderate to severe illness. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022926. URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do

scholarly journals Lipid profile as a predictor of Neuropathy: The Sheffield Prospective Diabetes Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Satyan Rajbhandari ◽  
Fahad Syed Hamid ◽  
Nigel Harris ◽  
Solomon Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background : Despite being a very common complication, the aetiology and potential risk factors of diabetic neuropathy (DN) have not been clearly determined in a prospective study. Aims: The aim of Sheffield Prospective Diabetes Study was to identify the abnormalities of physiological, biochemical, haemorrhelogical and cellular function for complications of diabetes in type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods: 66 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic subjects (mean age 31 ± 9 (SD) duration (3 years ± 2) were identified and followed for 9 years. They had detailed neurological assessment (symptoms and signs score, nerve conduction, vibration perception threshold, warm thermal discrimination threshold and autonomic function tests) and blood samples taken for detail biochemical and haemorrheological analysis at base line and at follow up. Results: At the 9 years follow up, 51 subjects were studied of whom 18 were found to have DN using Dyck’s criteria. As expected subjects with DN had significantly higher (p <0.01) mean HbA1 over 9 years of follow up (11.8% vs 9.8%), but it was not significantly different at base line (10.2% vs 8.9%; p= 0.37). In addition, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol at baseline were found to be risk factors for the development of neuropathy (5.9 vs 4.7 mmol; p=0.01 and 3.7 vs 2.8 mmol; p=0.03 respectively). Conclusions: This prospective study confirms the findings of recent large epidemiological studies linking cardiovascular risk factors to the development of DN, and perhaps suggest a vascular aetiology for DN. Improvement of potentially modifiable risk factors for neuropathy may be useful for the development of risk reduction strategies.

Difference in Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Stadler ◽  
Françoise Bardiau ◽  
Laurence Seidel ◽  
Adelin Albert ◽  
Jean G. Boogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background It is commonly stated that risk factors for postoperative nausea are the same as for vomiting. The authors designed a prospective study to identify and differentiate the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in various surgical populations in a clinical audit setting. Methods The study included 671 consecutive surgical inpatients, aged 15 yr or more, undergoing various procedures. The study focused on postoperative nausea visual analog scale scores every 4 h and vomiting episodes within 72 h. Both vomiting and retching were considered as emetic events. Patient-, anesthesia-, and surgery-related variables that were considered to have a possible effect on the proportion of patients experiencing postoperative nausea and/or vomiting were examined. The bivariate Dale model for binary correlated outcomes was used to identify selectively the potential risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Results Among the 671 patients in the study, 126 (19%) reported one or more episodes of nausea, and 66 patients (10%) suffered one or more emetic episodes during the studied period. There was a highly significant association between the two outcomes. Some risk factors were predictive of both nausea and vomiting (female gender, nonsmoking status, and general anesthesia). History of migraine and type of surgery were mainly responsible for nausea but not for vomiting. The predictive effect of risk factors was controlled for postoperative pain and analgesic drugs. Conclusion This study shows that differences exist in risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting. These could be explained by differences in the physiopathology of the two symptoms.

scholarly journals Distribution and Diversity of Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Two Geoclimatic Zones of Chad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel DEMBA KODINDO ◽  
Demba Kodindo Israël ◽  
Cheick Amadou Coulibaly ◽  
Ibrahim Moussa Sissoko ◽  
Bourama Traoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Health Districts

Abstract Introduction: Leishmaniasis transmitted by sandflies is an important vector-borne disease. In Chad, information on sandflies is outdated, and so this study was designed to update the sandfly fauna. Methods: Sandflies were collected in five health districts representing two geoclimatic zones using sticky traps and pyrethrum sprays in indoor and peridomestic habitats between September 2019 and December 2020. All collected sandfly specimens were identified based on species-level morphological characters. Results: A total of 2,015 specimens belonging to 13 species of sandflies (one Phlebotomus and twelve Sergentomyia) were collected and identified. The vector of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus duboscqi, represents 0.65% of all collected sandflies and is the only representative of the Phlebotomus genus to be collected predominantly inside human dwellings. Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis previously collected in Chad in 1976 was not found in this study. Sergentomyia clydei, Sergentomyia schwetzi, Sergentomyia antennata and Sergentomyia africana were the most abundant species collected with 44.71%; 22.73%; 16.03% and 11.17%, respectively. Sergentomyia schwetzi and Sergentomyia dubia, the two species involved in the transmission of canine leishmaniasis, were found in five and four study sites respectively. Conclusion: According to our results, the sandfly fauna of the two geoclimatic zones of Chad is comprised of 13 species. Our data showed that, unlike P. orientalis which was not found, P. duboscqi is present in four of the five sites surveyed. Therefore, these areas are at risk and remain potential foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, the need for further studies such as vector species detection, their seasonal fluctuations and their vector competence.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Composite Attachment Loss in Orthodontic Patients during Orthodontic Clear Aligner Therapy: A Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chen Yaosen ◽  
A. M. Mohamed ◽  
Wang Jinbo ◽  
Zheng Ziwei ◽  
Maher Al-balaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Clear Aligner

Background. The composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy is an adverse event that commonly happens in our daily practice. However, there is a lack of related statistical analysis and studies analyzing the related risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the incidence of attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy and to identify rick factors that may predict such event. Materials and Methods. The demographics and clinical variables of 94 patients undergoing clear aligner therapy (27 males and 67 females; average age: 27.60 ± 0.86   years ) were recorded. Both patient-related and tooth-related attachment loss was recorded. The chi-squared test and logistic regressive analysis were applied to identify the potential risk factors. SPSS for Mac (version 23.0, IBM, USA) was used for statistical analyses. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Our study suggested that the risk factors for attachment loss include frequent aligner removal (≥ 5 times a day) ( losing   rate = 60.0 % , P = 0.005 ), aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day ( losing   rate = 50.8 % , P = 0.014 ), eating without aligners inserted ( losing   rate = 47.9 % , P = 0.034 ), utilizing aligner tray seaters ( losing   rate = 48.2 % , P = 0.006 ), and unilateral mastication ( losing   rate = 52.1 % , P = 0.002 ). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day ( P = 0.020 , B = 0.925 ), using aligner tray seaters ( P = 0.007 , B = 1.168 ), and unilateral mastication ( P = 0.034 , B = − 0.458 ) were considered independent factors that can predict the composite attachment loss in orthodontic clear aligner therapy. Conclusion. Wearing aligner less than 18 hours a day, using aligner tray seaters, and unilateral mastication may contribute to increased incidence of composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document