Temporal expression of growth factors and matrix molecules in healing tendon lesions

Platelet-rich plasma is a blood-derived, autologous product, which contains a mixture of growth factors, cells and cytokines. These substances are integral in the regulation of the inflammatory process and repair of tissues, although their methods of action are highly complex and not fully elucidated. The content of a platelet-rich plasma product is variable and the optimal concentrations of prime constituents such as platelets, growth factors and leucocytes are not known. A lack of uniformity of products and treatment protocols, along with study design limitations, means that the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in healing tendon and ligament injuries is yet to be proven or disproven. Nevertheless platelet-rich plasma has gained widespread use in clinical practice primarily for the treatment of these injuries, among other applications. There are no widespread published or anecdotal concerns over the safety of platelet-rich plasma; however, synovial fluid analysis reveals an acute inflammatory response following intra-articular injection of a leucocyte-rich product.

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Differences in the temporal expression of regulatory growth factors during choroidal neovascular development

Experimental Eye Research ◽

10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 79-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Wenzheng Hu ◽

Mark H. Criswell ◽

Shao-Ling Fong ◽

Constance J. Temm ◽

Gangaraju Rajashekhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Temporal Expression

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Expression of laminin and beta-1 integrin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat heart

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100085216 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 182-183

Author(s):

R.L. Price ◽

T.K. Borg ◽

L. Terracio ◽

M. Nakagawa

Keyword(s):

Temporal Expression ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Cytoplasmic Face ◽

Extracellular Matrix Components ◽

Basement Membrane Component ◽

Beta 1 Integrin ◽

Quantitative Changes ◽

Cytoskeletal Elements ◽

External Face

Little is known about the temporal expression of extracellular matrix components (ECM) and its receptors during development of the heart. Recent reports have shown that ECM components undergo both qualitative and quantitative changes during development, and it is believed that ECM components are important in the regulation of cell migration and cell:cell and cell:ECM recognition and adhesion.Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins which bind several ECM components on their external face and cytoskeletal elements on the cytoplasmic face. Laminin is a basement membrane component which has been recognized as an important site for cell adhesion. Both the integrins and laminin are expressed early in development and continue to be expressed in the adult heart. With their documented roles in cell recognition, and cell:cell and cell:ECM migration and adhesion these proteins appear to be important components in development of the heart, and their temporal expression may play a pivotal role in morphogenesis and myofibrillogenesis of the heart.

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Growth factors and the primary cilium in BALB/c 3T3 cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128432 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 830-831

Author(s):

R. W. Tucker ◽

N. S. More ◽

S. Jayaraman

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Primary Cilium ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Calcium Ionophore ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽

Ionophore A23187 ◽

3T3 Cells ◽

Microtubule Depolymerization

The mechanisms by which polypeptide growth factors Induce DNA synthesis in cultured cells is not understood, but morphological changes Induced by growth factors have been used as clues to Intracellular messengers responsible for growth stimulation. One such morphological change has been the transient disappearance of the primary cilium, a “9 + 0” cilium formed by the perinuclear centriole in interphase cells. Since calcium ionophore A23187 also produced both mitogenesis and ciliary changes, microtubule depolymerization might explain ciliary disappearance monitored by indirect immunofluorescence with anti-tubulin antibody. However, complete resorption and subsequent reformation of the primary cilium occurs at mitosis, and might also account for ciliary disappearance induced by growth factors. To settle this issue, we investigated the ultrastructure of the primary cilium using serial thin-section electron microscopy of quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells before and after stimulation with serum.

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New insights into heparan sulphate biosynthesis from the study of mutant mice

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0690047 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Catherine L. R. Merry ◽

John T. Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Heparan Sulphate ◽

Mutant Mice ◽

Gene Products ◽

Multiple Gene ◽

Adhesion Proteins ◽

Ligand Interactions

Heparan sulphate (HS) is an essential co-receptor for a number of growth factors, morphogens and adhesion proteins. The biosynthetic modifications involved in the generation of a mature HS chain may determine the strength and outcome of HS–ligand interactions. These modifications are catalysed by a complex family of enzymes, some of which occur as multiple gene products. Various mutant mice have now been generated, which lack the function of isolated components of the HS biosynthetic pathway. In this discussion, we outline the key findings of these studies, and use them to put into context our own work concerning the structure of the HS generated by the Hs2st-/- mice.

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