scholarly journals The role of trait extraversion in shaping proactive behavior: A multilevel examination of the impact of high-activated positive affect

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Christian Ang ◽  
Zhou Jiang ◽  
Chia-Huei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals “I Do Not Like Being Me”: the Impact of Self-hate on Increased Risky Sexual Behavior in Sexual Minority People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Nappa ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Bartolo ◽  
Jessica Pistella ◽  
Nicola Petrocchi ◽  
Angela Costabile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Minority Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority People

Abstract Background  Increased risky sexual behaviors (RSB) in sexual minority people relative to heterosexual individuals are well documented. However, the role of trans-diagnostic factors that are not sexual orientation-specific, such as self-criticism, in predicting RSB was understudied. The present study aimed to test participants’ gender and sexual orientation as moderators between self-criticism and RSB. Methods Data were collected during 2019. The total sample included 986 sexual minority people (Nwomen = 51%) and 853 heterosexual people (Nwomen = 46%), ranging from 18 to 35 years of age. Self-criticism dimensions (self-hate, self-inadequacy, self-reassurance), types of positive affect (relaxed, safe/content, and activated affect), and RSB were assessed. Bivariate, multivariate analyses, and moderated regression analyses were conducted. Results Sexual minority participants showed higher levels of RSB, self-hate, and self-inadequacy than heterosexual people. Only in sexual minority men, RSB correlated positively with self-hate and negatively with safe/content positive affect. Moderated regressions showed that only for sexual minority participants, higher RSB were predicted by higher levels of self-hate. At the same time, this association was not significant for heterosexual people controlling the effects of age, presence of a stable relationship, other self-criticism dimensions, and activation safe/content affect scale. The two-way interaction between sexual orientation and gender was significant, showing that regardless of self-hate, the strength of the association between sexual orientation and RSB is stronger for sexual minority men than sexual minority women and heterosexual participants. Conclusions Findings highlight the distinctive role of self-hate in the occurrence of RSB in sexual minority people and support the usefulness of developing a compassion-focused intervention to target self-hate in sexual minority people.

Induced Positive Affect Reduces the Magnitude of the Startle Response and Prepulse Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Juan C. Ruiz-Salas ◽  
Luis G. De la Casa
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Startling Stimulus

Abstract. The startle response is a reflex that represents a form of adaptation to environmental changes potentially relevant to survival. Startle magnitude can change depending on a number of factors such as the affective state of the organism during the presentation of the startle-inducing stimulus, or the so-called Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) that occurs when the startling stimulus (or Pulse) is preceded by a low-intensity stimulus (or Prepulse). This paper describes an experiment designed to analyze the impact of an induced positive affect on the magnitude of the startle response and PPI in adult humans. Specifically, each participant received alternating exposures to a picture of a face of a loved person (positive affect condition) or to a picture of a face of an unknown person (control condition) while the startle response and PPI were recorded. The results showed a decrease in both the magnitude of the startle response and percent PPI on the positive affect trials when compared with the control trials. These results are interpreted from psychophysiological and psychological perspectives considering the role of emotions in adaptive behavior.

scholarly journals Psychological Resilience, Stress, and Pain: The Moderating Role of Positive Affect and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
Calia Morais ◽  
Michael Robinson ◽  
Roger Fillingim ◽  
Emily Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Chronic low back pain is the leading cause of disability among older adults. The impact of psychological factors, including high levels of stress, are associated with increased risk for pain. Despite the growing evidence suggesting that psychological well-being is associated with better health outcomes, limited research has examined positive psychological factors in the context of pain among older adults. In this secondary data analyses of we examined the association of perceived stress on pain and physical functioning, and the moderating role of positive affect and well-being (PAW) on these relationships. A total of 60 adults over the age of 60 completed completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and positive affect and well-being (Neuro-QOL PAW). The Back Performance Scale measured back-related physical functioning and movement-evoked pain. We hypothesized that PAW would be inversely associated with pain outcomes and would moderate the relationship between perceived stress and pain. Bivariate correlations assessed the association between study variables, while the interaction of PAW and perceived stress was examined via linear regression. Age (r=.30), income (r=.28), and being married (r=.32) were associated with higher PAW scores, while there was an inverse association with movement-evoked pain (r=-.28). After controlling for demographic covariates, moderation analysis revealed that higher levels of perceived stress were associated with poorer physical functioning, but only among those with lower positive affect and well-being (b=0.14). As seen, examining the influence of positive psychological functioning on pain-related outcomes has important clinical implications that may promote positive pain adaptation in this population.

scholarly journals Democratizing innovation processes: personal initiative in bottom-up eco-innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Weigt-Rohrbeck ◽  
Mai Skjøtt Linneberg
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Initiatives ◽  
Personal Initiative ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Previous work on employee-driven innovation (EDI) has demonstrated the benefits of employees’ proactive behavior in achieving success with innovations. The purpose of this paper is to employ the concept of personal initiative to investigate the underestimated role of employees’ agency in complex processes of innovation, showing the impact of personal initiative on employees’ innovation success. Design/methodology/approach Based on two embedded cases of environmental bottom-up innovation at a large manufacturing company, this study examines employees’ behavior in generating, championing and realizing such initiatives. Findings This paper provides insights into how employees succeeded, through taking initiative in generating, championing and realizing environmental initiatives despite facing high complexity, and resource constraints. Without being prompted from the top down, employees started these initiatives themselves and showed phase-specific behavior in overcoming the various challenges. Thus, self-starting behavior was found dominant in generating ideas, whereas proactive and persistent forms of behavior were found to be prevalent in championing and rolling out the initiatives. Originality/value Current understandings of EDI highlight the importance of developing employees’ potential capabilities and organizational-level guidance. Using an active performance perspective, this study emphasizes the importance of employees’ agency in ensuring EDI success, even when conditions are not conducive to their doing so.

Employee Proactivity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Chia-Huei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Proactive Behavior

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the current research on employee proactivity and indicate the need to unpack a relational basis of proactivity based on attachment theory. The chapter starts with phenomena to illustrate employee proactive behavior in organization. The chapter then provides a brief review on three different perspectives to conceptualize employee proactivity (i.e., individual differences, behavioral and process perspectives) and the three identified motivational mechanisms of proactive behaivor: whether individuals feel capable of being proactive, whether they have some sense that they want to bring about a different future, and whether they have positive affect to foster their proactive actions. The chapter is concluded by indicating the need to understand the role of social relationships in shaping individual proactive behavior and the value of using attachment theory to understand such influence.

The Roller Coaster of Leader Affect: An Investigation of Observed Leader Affect Variability and Engagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 014920632110089
Author(s):  
Jiaqing Sun ◽  
Sandy J. Wayne ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Employee Work Engagement

Recognizing the dynamic nature of affect, we consider observed leader affect and its variability as important social signals that jointly impact employees’ daily affective reactions and work engagement. Integrating the emotion as social information model and adaptation-level theory, we hypothesized that the impact of daily observed leader affect on employees’ affect and subsequent work engagement is moderated by observed leader affect variability. To test the model, an experience sampling method (ESM) involving two surveys per day over 10 days was employed with a sample of 75 employees. Results indicated that observed leader affect variability weakened the positive relationship between observed leader positive affect and employee work engagement via employee positive affect. Also, observed leader negative affect was negatively related to employee work engagement via employee negative affect, but this indirect effect was not moderated by observed leader affect variability. Our results highlight the critical role of observed leader affect variability in understanding leaders’ affective influence on employee affect and engagement.

Social and Temporal Comparisons as Moderators of Psychological Resources Associations With Wellbeing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasida Ben-Zur
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
General Wellbeing

Abstract. The current study investigated the associations of psychological resources, social comparisons, and temporal comparisons with general wellbeing. The sample included 142 community participants (47.9% men; age range 23–83 years), who compared themselves with others, and with their younger selves, on eight dimensions (e.g., physical health, resilience). They also completed questionnaires assessing psychological resources of mastery and self-esteem, and three components of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and negative and positive affect. The main results showed that high levels of psychological resources contributed to wellbeing, with self-enhancing social and temporal comparisons moderating the effects of resources on certain wellbeing components. Specifically, under low levels of mastery or self-esteem self-enhancing social or temporal comparisons were related to either higher life satisfaction or positive affect. The results highlight the role of resources and comparisons in promoting people’s wellbeing, and suggest that self-enhancing comparisons function as cognitive coping mechanisms when psychological resources are low.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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