scholarly journals Cystic echinococcosis in marketed offal of sheep in Basrah, Iraq: Abattoir-based survey and a probabilistic model estimation of the direct economic losses due to hydatid cyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanad F. Abdulhameed ◽  
Ihab Habib ◽  
Suzan A. Al-Azizz ◽  
Ian Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Model Estimation ◽  
Direct Economic Losses

scholarly journals Epidemiological, Morphometric, and Molecular Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Camel and Cattle From Upper Egypt: Current Status and Zoonotic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gareh ◽  
Amira A. Saleh ◽  
Samar M. Moustafa ◽  
Amin Tahoun ◽  
Roua S. Baty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
Female Cattle

Cystic echinococcosis has been considered one of the major parasitic zoonoses which is associated with severe economic losses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence, organ distribution, cyst fertility, and viability of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered camels and cattle from various abattoirs in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of the parasite. The occurrence of hydatid cysts was investigated in total number of 100 lungs of camels and 574 liver and lungs of cattle admitted to three slaughterhouses at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, several individual variable factors, including organ involvement, age, sex, and hydatid cyst characteristics, were studied to identify their possible association with the occurrence of the disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from the hydatid cysts, followed by molecular identification of the parasite through amplification of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Hydatid cysts were found in 6 camels (6%) out of 100 inspected camels, while 5 hydatid cysts (0.87%) were detected in a total number of 574 cattle examined. The parasite was detected exclusively in lungs of camels, while lungs were the main organ infected by the parasite in cattle and one hydatid cyst was found in the liver (0.17%). In camel, 66.7, 16.65, and 16.65%of detected cysts were fertile, sterile, and calcified, respectively, while in cattle, these percentages were 60, 20, and 20%, respectively. None of the studied variable factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease in camels, with the exception that all cysts were found in the lung. Conversely, we found a significant association (P < 0.05) between the age and sex of the slaughtered cattle and the occurrence of hydatid cysts. In this respect, the rate of infection was higher in female cattle and those cattle more than 5 years (P < 0.05). The morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies confirmed the presence of the parasite. Taken together, our results concluded that camels and cattle play a potential role in maintaining the transmission cycle of this zoonotic parasite.

An abattoir-based study on the prevalence and economic losses due to cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered herbivores in Ahwaz, south-western Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Ahmadi ◽  
M. Meshkehkar
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Hepatic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Slaughtered Herbivores

AbstractA 10-year (1998–2008) retrospective study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and long-term trend of hydatid disease in slaughtered herbivores in the large complex abattoir of Ahwaz (the capital of Khuzestan province, south-western Iran). A total of 3,583,417 animals including 2,815,982 sheep, 427,790 goats and 339,645 cattle were inspected macroscopically for hydatid cysts in the 10-year period, and overall 155,555 (4.24%) livers and 228,172 (6.37%) lungs were condemned. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) was responsible for 36.08% and 48.04% of total liver and lung condemnations, respectively. The prevalence of pulmonary hydatid disease in sheep, goats and cattle was 2.22, 5.43 and 6.99%, respectively; on the other hand, the prevalence of hepatic hydatid disease for those animals was 1.26, 2.57 and 2.80%, respectively. Data showed an overall downward long-term trend for CE in all livestock slaughtered during the study period (P < 0.01). Lung condemnation due to CE was significantly more common than liver condemnation for each animal separately (P < 0.001). The prevalence of liver and lung hydatidosis in sheep was significantly lower than that in other livestock (P < 0.001). The prevalence of hydatid disease recovered from the sheep, cattle and goats varied in different seasons, but there was no statistical difference between various seasons. The odds ratio of lung and liver condemnations due to hydatidosis showed a slightly different pattern in some years; however, the overall declining trend was still observed. The total annual economic loss incurred due to hydatidosis in all ruminants slaughtered at Ahwaz municipal abattoir was estimated to be US$459,659.6, based on the market prices in the year 2008. This number corresponds to a loss of US$300,620.4 for cattle, US$123,490.0 for sheep and US$35,549.2 for goats. The current results provide baseline data for the future monitoring of this potentially important disease in the region, and also suggest that a thorough investigation leading to a disease control strategy is required to reduce the economic and public health consequences of CE.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Jiménez ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Felipe Corrêa ◽  
Marcela Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Adventitial Layer

Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.

Economic losses due to cystic echinococcosis in India: Need for urgent action to control the disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balbir B. Singh ◽  
Navneet K. Dhand ◽  
Sandeep Ghatak ◽  
Jatinder P.S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Urgent Action

scholarly journals Hydatid cyst fluid promotes peri-cystic fibrosis in cystic echinococcosis by suppressing miR-19 expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanshan Zhang ◽  
Limin Wang ◽  
Tuergan Ali ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Xiaojuan Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Hydatid Cyst Fluid

scholarly journals Echinococcosis in Kurdistan Iraq: Prevalence of Cystic Hydatidosis in Man with a Survey of E.granulosus eggs in Stray Dogs in Kalar City, Sulaymania Province, Kurdistan- Iraq.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Arkan Barzanji ◽  
Louis Saida
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
City Center ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cystic Hydatidosis ◽  
Area North ◽  
One Year ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
First Time

The current study included two levels: - cystic echinococcosis in man and a survey of eggs of the parasites E. granulosus in feces of stray dogs in Kalar city sulaymania province. The statically analysis of private and governmental hospitals documents showed 56 cases of cystic echinococcosis have been treated surgically during five years’ period (2013-2017). The patients who included in this study were examined by physicians and confirmed by one or more of the following methods, imaging diagnosis (CT scan, Ultrasound, and X ray), histopathology and serology. Among total of 3330 patients admitted to the surgery department of these hospitals, 56 (1, 6%) were found to be infected with cystic hydatidosis at approximately 5.6 cases per 100,000 persons and at average 11.2 cases per one year. Among total patients’ involvements, house wives 22 (39.28%) were high infected and then followed by the workers and students 12(21.4%) and 11(19.64%) respectively. According to the organs patients involvement liver was highly infected 31(55.3%) and then followed by lungs 9(16.07). The age group (41-50) yrs. was 13(23.21%) highly infected than other ages, and the females (53.57%) were high infected than males (46.4%) among total patients infected. The economic loses of 56 cases treated surgically was approximately 112000$ USA$. This study is the first time talking about economic losses in this city of Iraq. The result of 60 sample feces examination of stray dogs showed that 36.6% of which were contaminated with eggs of E. granulosus. The high percentage of infection with this parasite (60%), was found at the Slaughtered animal's area, south of city center and the lowest (10%) was at Awarakan, Jutyaran & sharawan2 area, north of city center.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Helminth Infections Identified in Slaughtered Livestock in Iran, 2015-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Kiani ◽  
Christine M. Budke ◽  
Ebrahim Shams Abadi ◽  
Soheil Hashtarkhani ◽  
Amene Raouf Rahmati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Northwestern Iran ◽  
Direct Economic Losses

Abstract Introduction: Helminth infections of livestock can result in considerable economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the spatial frequency of cystic echinococcosis (CE), dicrocoeliasis, and fascioliasis in livestock slaughtered in Iran during the years 2015-2019 and estimate direct costs associated with organ condemnation due to these parasites.Methods: Abattoir data from all 31 Iranian provinces were collected from the Iran Veterinary Organization. Infection prevalence was calculated per year at the province level. The Local Moran's I statistic was performed to evaluate spatial autocorrelation of animals positive at slaughter for the years 2015-2019. Direct costs associated with condemned livers were calculated for each parasitic condition. Results: Overall prevalence values for the study timeframe were as follows: sheep and goat fascioliasis (1.5%, 910,282/58,393,349), cattle fascioliasis (3.8%, 23,3175/6,038,419), sheep and goat dicrocoeliasis (4.6%; 270,1274/58,393,349), cattle dicrocoeliasis (3.1%; 186,009/6,038,419), sheep and goat CE (5.3%; 3,108,767/58,393,349), and cattle CE (7.2%; 438,534/6,038,419). Northwestern Iran had the highest prevalence of CE and fascioliasis. High infection areas for Dicrocoelium spp. included the provinces of Zanjan, Gilan, Qazvin, and Tehran, which are located in northern Iran. Direct economic losses for sheep and goat fascioliasis, dicrocoeliasis, and CE for the study period were US$13,841,826, US$41,768,472, and US$22,801,296, respectively. Direct economic losses for cattle fascioliasis, dicrocoeliasis, and CE for the study period were US$1,989,582, US$1,669,289, and US$2,656,535, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable data for future monitoring of these important parasitic diseases in Iranian livestock. Disease control strategies are required to reduce the economic and public health impact of these helminths.

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