Neuropeptide Y (NPY) -induced reductions in alcohol intake during continuous access and following alcohol deprivation are not altered by restraint stress in alcohol-preferring (P) rats

Background: Chronic stress decreases resilience of the body mainly due to hormonal imbalance. Neuropeptide Y-ergic system is abnormally regulated in chronic stress due to reduction-oxidation imbalance. The antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid reduce this imbalance with positive effect on neuropeptide Y synthesis and release. This study was aimed to compare the protective effects of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on plasma neuropeptide Y levels in chronic stress.Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done at Al-Nafees Medical College in collaboration with National Institute of Health Islamabad from January 2015 to January 2016 after taking institutional approval. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were obtained and divided equally into four groups; group I (control), group II (restraint stress group - chronic restraint stress six hours daily for 28 days), group III (restraint stress + alpha-tocopherol 50mg/kg body weight /day), and group IV (restraint stress + ascorbic acid 100mg /kg body weight /day). Cardiac puncture was done to obtain blood for biochemical analysis.Results: A significant decrease in plasma neuropeptide Y levels was seen in group II compared to group I, group III and group IV. However, alpha-tocopherol administration in group III showed positive effects on maintenance of plasma neuropeptide Y concentration with better p trend than that of ascorbic acid supplementation in group IV.Conclusions: Alpha-tocopherol supplementation has more potent effect than that of ascorbic acid on chronic restraint stress induced derangements in neuropeptide Y levels. It leads to less imbalance in neuropeptide Y levels during chronic stress.Key words: Ascorbic Acid, Alpha-Tocopherol, Chronic Stress, Neuropeptide Y

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Fluoxetine reverts chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviour and increases neuropeptide Y and galanin expression in mice

Behavioural Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.044 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 216 (2) ◽

pp. 585-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

S.H. Christiansen ◽

M.V. Olesen ◽

G. Wörtwein ◽

D.P.D. Woldbye

Keyword(s):

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Chronic Restraint Stress

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Suppressed neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in rat amygdala following restraint stress

Regulatory Peptides ◽

10.1016/s0167-0115(98)00075-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 75-76 ◽

pp. 247-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Annika Thorsell ◽

Pernilla Svensson ◽

Lisa Wiklund ◽

Wolfgang Sommer ◽

Rolf Ekman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Restraint Stress

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Effects of Restraint Stress and Spontaneous Hypertension on Neuropeptide Y Neurones in the Brainstem and Arcuate Nucleus

Journal of Neuroendocrinology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00391.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 715-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Krukoff ◽

MacTavish ◽

Jhamandas

Keyword(s):

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Spontaneous Hypertension

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Early Maternal Deprivation Enhances Voluntary Alcohol Intake Induced by Exposure to Stressful Events Later in Life

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2015/342761 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sara Peñasco ◽

Virginia Mela ◽

Jose Antonio López-Moreno ◽

María-Paz Viveros ◽

Eva M. Marco

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Maternal Deprivation ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Free Access ◽

Alcohol Cessation ◽

The Impact

In the present study, we aimed to assess the impact of early life stress, in the form of early maternal deprivation (MD, 24 h on postnatal day, pnd, 9), on voluntary alcohol intake in adolescent male and femaleWistarrats. During adolescence, from pnd 28 to pnd 50, voluntary ethanol intake (20%, v/v) was investigated using the two-bottle free choice paradigm. To better understand the relationship between stress and alcohol consumption, voluntary alcohol intake was also evaluated following additional stressful events later in life, that is, a week of alcohol cessation and a week of alcohol cessation combined with exposure to restraint stress. Female animals consumed more alcohol than males only after a second episode of alcohol cessation combined with restraint stress. MD did not affect baseline voluntary alcohol intake but increased voluntary alcohol intake after stress exposure, indicating that MD may render animals more vulnerable to the effects of stress on alcohol intake. During adolescence, when animals had free access to alcohol, MD animals showed lower body weight gain but a higher growth rate than control animals. Moreover, the higher growth rate was accompanied by a decrease in food intake, suggesting an altered metabolic regulation in MD animals that may interact with alcohol intake.

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Elevated corticosterone in the dorsal hindbrain increases plasma norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y, and recruits a vasopressin response to stress

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00326.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

pp. R212-R224 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daisy L. Daubert ◽

Benjamin M. Looney ◽

Rebekah R. Clifton ◽

Jake N. Cho ◽

Deborah A. Scheuer

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Blood Pressure Response ◽

Pressure Response ◽

Plasma Norepinephrine ◽

Baseline Blood Pressure ◽

Fos Expression ◽

Dorsal Hindbrain

Repeated stress and chronically elevated glucocorticoids cause exaggerated cardiovascular responses to novel stress, elevations in baseline blood pressure, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that elevated corticosterone (Cort) within the dorsal hindbrain (DHB) would: 1) enhance arterial pressure and neuroendocrine responses to novel and repeated restraint stress, 2) increase c-Fos expression in regions of the brain involved in sympathetic stimulation during stress, and 3) recruit a vasopressin-mediated blood pressure response to acute stress. Small pellets made of 10% Cort were implanted on the surface of the DHB in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood pressure was measured by radiotelemetry. Cort concentration was increased in the DHB in Cort-treated compared with Sham-treated rats (60 ± 15 vs. 14 ± 2 ng Cort/g of tissue, P < 0.05). DHB Cort significantly increased the integrated arterial pressure response to 60 min of restraint stress on days 6, 13, and 14 following pellet implantation (e.g., 731 ± 170 vs. 1,204 ± 68 mmHg/60 min in Sham- vs. Cort-treated rats, day 6, P < 0.05). Cort also increased baseline blood pressure by day 15 (99 ± 2 vs. 108 ± 3 mmHg for Sham- vs. Cort-treated rats, P < 0.05) and elevated baseline plasma norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y concentrations. Cort significantly enhanced stress-induced c-Fos expression in vasopressin-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and blockade of peripheral vasopressin V1 receptors attenuated the effect of DHB Cort to enhance the blood pressure response to restraint. These data indicate that glucocorticoids act within the DHB to produce some of the adverse cardiovascular consequences of chronic stress, in part, by a peripheral vasopressin-dependent mechanism.

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Effect of stress induced changes in neuropeptide Y on antioxidant status.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.05.3506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (05) ◽

pp. 902-906

Author(s):

Saadia Zainab ◽

Umar Ali Khan ◽

Tahir Ahmad Munir ◽

Anjum Ilahi ◽

Adnan Saleem Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subsequent Increase ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

In chronic stress, release of catecholamines, adrenocorticoids and pituitary hormones result impaired release of neuromodulator - neuropeptide Y. The deregulated neuropeptide Y results imbalanced redox homeostasis reduced endogenous superoxide dismutase and raised malondialdehyde. Objectives: To find the effect of chronic stress on plasma neuropeptide Y, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels. Study Design: Quasi-experimental. Setting: Al-Nafees Medical College & Hospital in collaboration with National Institute of Health, Islamabad. Period: January 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: After approval from institutional review board, thirty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study and were divided equally into group I (control) and group II (restraint stress). The animals were housed in stainless steel cages, at humidity (40-60%), temperature (22 ± 2°C) and a 12-h light-dark cycle with lights on at 0700 am. After adaptation, group II was exposed to restraint stress of 6 hours daily for 28 days. The blood sampling for plasma neuropeptide Y, serum superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were taken. Results: There was significant decline in neuropeptide Y plasma and superoxide dismutase serum levels while an increase in malondialdehyde levels serum levels was noticed in restraint stress group. Conclusions: Chronic stress induces decrease in plasma NPY with subsequent increase in serum malondialdehyde and decrease in superoxide dismutase levels.

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