Plant transcription factors — being in the right place with the right company

2022 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 102136
Author(s):  
Lucia Strader ◽  
Dolf Weijers ◽  
Doris Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals How Cardiac Embryology Translates into Clinical Arrhythmias

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Mathilde R. Rivaud ◽  
Michiel Blok ◽  
Monique R. M. Jongbloed ◽  
Bastiaan J. Boukens
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Atrioventricular Node ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Congenital Atrioventricular Block ◽  
The Right

The electrophysiological signatures of the myocardium in cardiac structures, such as the atrioventricular node, pulmonary veins or the right ventricular outflow tract, are established during development by the spatial and temporal expression of transcription factors that guide expression of specific ion channels. Genome-wide association studies have shown that small variations in genetic regions are key to the expression of these transcription factors and thereby modulate the electrical function of the heart. Moreover, mutations in these factors are found in arrhythmogenic pathologies such as congenital atrioventricular block, as well as in specific forms of atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. In this review, we discuss the developmental origin of distinct electrophysiological structures in the heart and their involvement in cardiac arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Transcription factors: The right combination for the DNA lock

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. R456-R458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Khorasanizadeh ◽  
Fraydoon Rastinejad
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Different gene response to mechanical loading during early and late phases of rat Achilles tendon healing

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammerman ◽  
P. Blomgran ◽  
A. Dansac ◽  
P. Eliasson ◽  
P. Aspenberg
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Right

Mechanical loading stimulates tendon healing both when applied in the inflammatory phase and in the early remodeling phase of the process, although not necessarily via the same mechanisms. We investigated the gene response to mechanical loading in these two phases of tendon healing. The right Achilles tendon in rats was transected, and the hindlimbs were unloaded by tail suspension. The rats were exposed to 5 min of treadmill running 3 or 14 days after tendon transection. Thereafter, they were resuspended for 15 min or 3 h until euthanasia. The controls were suspended continuously. Gene analysis was first performed by microarray analysis followed by quantitative RT-PCR on selected genes, focusing on inflammation. Fifteen minutes after loading, the most important genes seemed to be the transcription factors EGR1 and C-FOS, regardless of healing phase. These transcription factors might promote tendon cell proliferation and differentiation, stimulate collagen production, and regulate inflammation. Three hours after loading on day 3, inflammation was strongly affected. Seven inflammation-related genes were upregulated according to PCR: CCL20, CCL7, IL-6, NFIL3, PTX3, SOCS1, and TLR2. These genes can be connected to macrophages, T cells, and recruitment of leukocytes. According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the recruitment of leukocytes was increased by loading on day 3, which also was confirmed by histology. This inflammation-related gene response was not seen on day 14. Our results suggest that the immediate gene response after mechanical loading is similar in the early and late phases of healing but the late gene response is different. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the direct effect of mechanical loading on gene expression during different healing phases in tendon healing. One isolated episode of mechanical loading was studied in otherwise unloaded healing tendons. This enabled us to study a time sequence, i.e., which genes were the first ones to be regulated after the loading episode.

Transcription factors make the right contacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173-1174
Author(s):  
Peter J. Rugg-Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
The Right

Isolated left ventricular non-compaction: the case for abnormal myocardial development

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Breckenridge ◽  
Robert H. Anderson ◽  
Perry M. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Myocardial Development ◽  
The Right

Isolated ventricular non-compaction is an increasingly commonly diagnosed myocardial disorder characterised by excessive and prominent trabeculation of the morphologically left, and occasionally the right, ventricle. This is associated with high rates of thromboembolism, cardiac failure, and cardiac arrhythmia. Recent improvements in understanding the embryonic processes underlying ventricular formation have led to the hypothesis that ventricular non-compaction is due to a failure of normal ventriculogenesis, leading to abnormal myocardium which may present clinically many years later. Experimental work in animal models provides several candidate transcription factors and signalling molecules that could, in theory, cause ventricular non-compaction if disrupted.

scholarly journals cis-Acting Site Controlling Bidirectional Transcription at the Growth-Differentiation Transition in Dictyostelium discoideum

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Hirose ◽  
Samuel H. Payne ◽  
William F. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Bidirectional Transcription ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT A pair of adjacent genes, impA and dia1, are divergently transcribed but expressed at different stages in the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum. The intervening 654-bp region carries cis-acting regions that are essential for transcription in both directions as well as repression of dia1 in growing cells. We have focused on a 112-bp region proximal to dia1 that is essential for bidirectional transcription. Analyses of a set of internal deletions showed that the sequence between positions 80 and 97 (TTTGAATTTTTTGAATTT) is critical and that bases outside this region are dispensable. Site-directed mutations within this critical region confirmed the importance of this sequence for transcription both to the right and to the left. However, insertions of either 6 or 24 Ts into the run of 6 Ts separating the repeated GAA sequence had little effect on the functioning of the site in either direction, suggesting that factors recognize the half-sites TTGAATT separately. Inversion of the bases between positions 80 and 97 greatly reduced expression in both directions, indicating that orientation is critical for expression of both the nearby impA gene and the distal dia1 gene, which is more than 500 bp away. Comparison of 38 mutant constructs with multiple random variations in the region indicated that transcription factors may bind to a range of related sequences and still retain function. All functional constructs directed transcription both leftward and rightward, while all nonfunctional constructs were impaired for transcription in both directions. It appears that the same transcription complex controls transcription of both impA and dia1.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

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