In vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with phycocyanin on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on SLA titanium discs

(1) Background and the aim: The appropriate incubation time in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy protocol seems to have a huge impact on the efficacy of this process. This is particularly important in relation to Candida strains, due to the size of these cells and the presence of the cell wall. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal incubation time needed for the absorption of toluidine blue by cells of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis using direct observation by optical microscopy, and to evaluate the efficacy of TBO-mediated aPDT on planktonic cells of these strains. (2) Methods: The microscopic evaluation consisted of taking a series of images at a magnification of 600× and counting the % of stained cells. The in vitro effect of TBO-mediated aPDT combined with a diode laser (635 nm, 400mW, 12 J/cm2, CW) on the viability of yeast cells with different incubation times was evaluated. (3) Results: The presence of TBO within the cytoplasm was observed in all tested Candida strains and at all microscopic evaluation times. However, the highest percentages of cells were stained at 7 and 10 min. The highest % reduction of CFU/mL after TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was obtained for the strain C. albicans ATCC 10,231 and it was 78.55%. (4) Conclusions: TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was effective in reducing the number of CFU/mL at all assessed incubation times. However, the most efficient period for almost all strains was 7–10 min.

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The in vitro effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on dental microcosm biofilms from partially erupted permanent molars: A pilot study

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.12.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fabiana Sodré de Oliveira ◽

Thiago Cruvinel ◽

Daniela Alejandra Cusicanqui Méndez ◽

Evandro José Dionísio ◽

Daniela Rios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Vitro Effect

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The in vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green on Enterococcus faecalis: Influence of a washing vs non-washing procedure

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.09.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 119-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nasim Chiniforush ◽

Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽

Steven Parker ◽

Sima Shahabi ◽

Abbas Bahador

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Indocyanine Green ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Vitro Effect

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In Vitro Effect of photodynamic therapy on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402011000500009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 398-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Fabiano Dalla Lana Mattiello ◽

Alan Augusto Kalife Coelho ◽

Odair Pimentel Martins ◽

Rodrigo Dalla Lana Mattiello ◽

José Peixoto Ferrão Júnior

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Dye Laser ◽

Control Group ◽

Target Cells ◽

Significance Level ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

Laser Group ◽

Vitro Effect

New periodontal disease treatments are needed to prevent infection progression. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the greatest pledges for this purpose. It involves the use of light of specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen for eradication of target cells, and can be used for photokilling of microorganisms. This study evaluated in vitro the photodynamic effect of 0.01% toluidine blue-O (TBO) in combination with an AlGaInP diode laser light source on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S.s.). Suspensions (2 mL) containing A.a. and S.s. at 1.5 x 108 CFU/mL concentration were prepared and divided into 3 groups: Control group (no treatment), Dye group (inoculum and TBO for 5 min) and Dye/Laser group (inoculum, TBO for 5 min and laser for 3 min). Next, a dilution for subsequent subculture in 20 mL of Trypic Soy Agar (A.a) and Brucella Agar (S.s.) in Petri dishes (Pourplate Method) was done. Incubation of A.a. in microaerophilia and S.s. in aerobiosis at 35oC for 48 h was performed for subsequent visual counting of CFU/mL. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test at 5% significance level. For both strains, the control group showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) bacterial growth (1.5 x 108 CFU/mL), while the Dye group presented no significant reduction (p>0.05) in the CFU counts. The Dye/Laser group presented a significant decrease in the CFU counts (p<0.05) compared with the Control group (61.53% for A.a. and 84.32% for S.s.). It may be concluded that PDT was effective in reducing the numbers of A.a. and S.s. in vitro.

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The in vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Candida and Staphylococcus biofilms

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/sag-1803-44 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 873-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Özlem GÜZEL TUNCCAN ◽

Ayse KALKANCI ◽

Elif Ayca UNAL ◽

Olkar ABDULMAJED ◽

Merve ERDOĞAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Vitro Effect

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Efficiency of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy with Photodithazine® on MSSA and MRSA Strains

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 869

Author(s):

Beatriz Müller Nunes Souza ◽

Juliana Guerra Pinto ◽

André Henrique Correia Pereira ◽

Alejandro Guillermo Miñán ◽

Juliana Ferreira-Strixino

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Bacterial Inactivation ◽

Bacterial Reduction ◽

Complete Inactivation ◽

Opportunistic Bacteria ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mrsa Strains

Staphylococccus aureus is a ubiquitous and opportunistic bacteria associated with high mortality rates. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is based on the application of a light source and a photosensitizer that can interact with molecular oxygen, forming Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that result in bacterial inactivation. This study aimed to analyze, in vitro, the action of aPDT with Photodithazine® (PDZ) in methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The strains were incubated with PDZ at 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L for 15 min and irradiated with fluences of 25, 50, and 100 J/cm2. The internalization of PDZ was evaluated by confocal microscopy, the bacterial growth by counting the number of colony-forming units, as well as the bacterial metabolic activity post-aPDT and the production of ROS. In both strains, the photosensitizer was internalized; the production of ROS increased when the aPDT was applied; there was a bacterial reduction compared to the control at all the evaluated fluences and concentrations; and, in most parameters, it was obtained complete inactivation with significant difference (p < 0.05). The implementation of aPDT with PDZ in clinical strains of S. aureus has resulted in its complete inactivation, including the MRSA strains.

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Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antibiotics or Antifungals against Microorganisms That Cause Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Planktonic and Biofilm Approach to Overcome Resistances

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14070603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽

Isabel García-Luque ◽

Sofía Ballesta ◽

Antonio Rezusta ◽

Yolanda Gilaberte

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

High Level ◽

Selection Of

The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it could make the selection of resistant microorganisms more difficult.

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In Vitro Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Different Lights and Combined or Uncombined with Chlorhexidine on Candida spp.

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13081176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1176

Author(s):

Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽

Yolanda Barrena-López ◽

Yolanda Gilaberte ◽

Antonio Rezusta

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Photodynamic Treatment ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Vitro Effect

Candidiasis is very common and complicated to treat in some cases due to increased resistance to antifungals. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative treatment. It is based on the principle that light of a specific wavelength activates a photosensitizer molecule resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species that are able to kill pathogens. The aim here is the in vitro photoinactivation of three strains of Candida spp., Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258, using aPDT with different sources of irradiation and the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), alone or in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX). Irradiation was carried out at a fluence of 18 J/cm2 with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp emitting in red (625 nm) or a white metal halide lamp (WMH) that emits at broad-spectrum white light (420–700 nm). After the photodynamic treatment, the antimicrobial effect is evaluated by counting colony forming units (CFU). MB-aPDT produces a 6 log10 reduction in the number of CFU/100 μL of Candida spp., and the combination with CHX enhances the effect of photoinactivation (effect achieved with lower concentration of MB). Both lamps have similar efficiencies, but the WMH lamp is slightly more efficient. This work opens the doors to a possible clinical application of the combination for resistant or persistent forms of Candida infections.

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