Comparison of choroidal structural changes between children born preterm without retinopathy of prematurity and age-matched children born at full term

Partially purified liver insulin receptors from full-term pregnant rats show decreased autophosphorylation rates if compared with receptors from virgins. We studied the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon, looking at possible structural and functional changes of several domains. The ATP-binding domain seems to be unaltered in receptors from pregnant rats since Km for ATP was similar to that observed in virgins. In contrast, the Vmax. is decreased some 45%, suggesting changes in the kinase domain. Truncation of a fragment of 10 kDa from the C-terminal tail does not normalize the kinase activity in receptors from pregnant rats, suggesting that this domain is not involved in the inhibitory regulation. Treatment with alkaline phosphatase increases the [32P]Pi incorporation into receptors from pregnant rats; however, the autophosphorylation remains lower than that observed in virgin rats. Tryptic phosphopeptide maps of phosphorylated receptors show that the same phosphopeptides are present in receptors from virgin and pregnant rats. However, the progression through the autoactivation cascade in the kinase domain is impaired in receptors from pregnant rats. Differences in the cleavage by trypsin at the two alternative sites in the kinase domain were observed, indicating possible structural changes in receptors from pregnant rats that could be related to the impairment of the autoactivation cascade. Integrity of the alpha- and beta-subunits, as well as differential expression of the two receptor isotypes, were shown to be unaltered. We conclude that (1) the decreased autophosphorylation rate of the liver insulin receptor from pregnant rats is associated with the impairment of its autoactivation cascade, probably as a consequence of the basal Ser/Thr phosphorylation; and (2) the inhibition of the autoactivation cascade does not account for the overall inhibition of autophosphorylation observed in receptors from pregnant rats.

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Choroidal structural changes in preterm children with and without retinopathy of prematurity

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/aos.14324 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Alenka Lavric ◽

Manca Tekavcic Pompe ◽

Spela Markelj ◽

Jianbin Ding ◽

Sarakshi Mahajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Preterm Children

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Retinal structural changes in preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s00417-020-04986-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diogo Maleita ◽

Rita Serras-Pereira ◽

Inês Passos ◽

Maria Elisa-Luís ◽

Marta Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Preterm Children

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Microcornea and Thickened Lens in Angle Closure following Nonsurgical Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/7510903 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ta C. Chang ◽

Kimberly D. Tran ◽

Linda A. Cernichiaro-Espinosa ◽

Ella H. Leung ◽

Alana L. Grajewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Young Patients ◽

Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽

Full Term ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Control Series ◽

Bevacizumab Treatment ◽

History Of

Purpose. To characterize the clinical features in young patients with angle closure and to determine the characteristics associated with acquired anterior segment abnormality following retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment. Methods. We performed two retrospective case-control series. In the first series, we identified consecutive young angle closure patients without prior surgeries, with and without a history of ROP treatment; in the second series we identified consecutive patients who underwent ROP treatment, without and without anterior segment changes. Results. In the first series, 25 eyes of 14 consecutive angle closure patients were included: 19 eyes (11 patients, 78.6%) had a history of treated ROP, while 6 eyes (3 patients) belonged to full-term patients. The treated ROP eyes had significantly shallower anterior chambers (1.77 ± 0.17 mm vs 2.72 ± 0.18 mm, P<0.0001) and thicker lenses (5.20 ± 0.54 mm vs 3.98 ± 0.20 mm, P=0.0002) compared to the full-term controls. In the second series, 79 eyes of 40 patients were included, with median gestational age of 24.6 weeks. Acquired iridocorneal adhesion was noted in the eight eyes (10.1%) at a mean age of 4.7 years and was associated with prior zone 1 and plus disease (P=0.0013), a history of initial intravitreal bevacizumab treatment (IVB, P=0.0477) and a history of requiring additional IVB after initial treatment (P=0.0337). Conclusions. Many young angle closure patients may have a history of treated ROP and may present with the triad of increased lens thickness, microcornea, and angle closure.

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Anatomic features of anterior chamber angle in children with glaucoma depending on the degree of the cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity

Ophthalmology journal ◽

10.17816/ov2019121-26 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Maria A. Makarova ◽

Viktoria M. Panchishena ◽

Elena V. Brusakova ◽

Regina V. Ershova ◽

Elvira I. Saidasheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Full Term ◽

Congenital Glaucoma ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Anterior Chamber Angle ◽

Anatomic Structure ◽

Preterm Children ◽

Chamber Angle

Introduction. The retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading condition in the nosological structure of ophthalmic pathology in preterm children. A number of researchers note the increase in frequency of glaucoma development in such patients, considerably worsening the prognosis of the disease. At the same time, features of ocular hydrostatics and hydrodynamics taking into account the immaturity of the eye are studied insufficiently. The purpose of the study was to estimate the anterior chamber angle anatomy in preterm children with glaucoma depending on the cicatricial ROP severity. Materials and methods. The study group included 45 preterm children (87 eyes) aged from 6 months to 18 years with glaucoma on the background of cicatricial ROP. The control group consisted of 27 full-term children (54 eyes) with congenital glaucoma. As an addition to traditional ophthalmologic examination, iridocorneal goniography using a pediatric retinal camera was performed. Results. In children of the study group, anomalies of anterior chamber angle anatomic structure were diagnosed in the absolute majority of cases 97.7% of cases (85 eyes) and depended on the cicatricial ROP severity: at degrees 1-3 they were similar to those in congenital glaucoma in full-term children; at degrees 4-5 glaucoma was of secondary nature and developed as a result of a combination of dysgenesis signs in the anterior chamber angle. Conclusion. Cicatricial ROP of any degree is a high risk factor for the development of secondary glaucoma.

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Iris fluorescein angiography in the diagnostics of active retinopathy of prematurity

Fyodorov journal of ophthalmic surgery ◽

10.25276/0235-4160-2020-4-67-72 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

I.G. Trifanenkova ◽

◽

A.V. Tereshhenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Fluorescein Angiography ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Vascular System ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Premature Babies ◽

New Information ◽

Capillary Bed

Purpose. To study the feature of the condition of the vessels of the iris according to fluorescence iris fluorescein angiography in various forms, stages and types of the course of active retinopathy of prematurity. Material and methods. Fluorescence iris fluorescein angiography was performed in 25 eyes (15 children). Children were born at 25–31 weeks of gestation. Children's weights were 680–1550 g. Children were 7–11 weeks old. 4 children (7 eyes) had a favorable type of course of 1–2 stages. 7 children (12 eyes) had an unfavorable type of course of 2–3 stages. 4 children (6 eyes) had aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. The study was also performed on 5 premature babies without signs of retinopathy of prematurity who had been born at 30–31 weeks of gestation, weighing 1000–1900 g, at the age of 5–10 weeks. Analysis of the obtained angiograms was performed using descriptive and temporal characteristics. Results. Depending on the stage of the disease, various structural changes in the vascular system of the iris were revealed in prematurity: expansion and increased tortuosity of the vessels; their pathological course; increased permeability or desolation of the capillary bed of the pupil zone; uneven filling of the arterioles of the ciliary zone; newly formed vessels in the pupil in the form of a network shunts; the phenomena of pronounced hyperfluorescence. It was determined that changes in the vascular system in the iris developed in parallel with disorders of the retinal angioarchitectonics. These changes are essentially identical, but less distinct in the iris due to differences in the anatomical structure and angioarchitectonics of the iris and retina of the eye. Conclusion. Further studies are required being used fluorescence iris fluorescein angiography in children with retinopathy of prematurity with using of large quantities of clinical material to obtain new information about vascular changes in the anterior segment of the eye, since this problem is still unexplored. Key words: iris fluorescein angiography, retinopathy of prematurity.

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Drug-induced mydriasis in infants born at different gestation terms

Ophthalmology journal ◽

10.17816/ov11485-92 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Elvira I. Saidasheva ◽

Svetlana V. Biyanovskaya ◽

Fedor V. Kovshov ◽

Marina S. Petrachkova ◽

Olga S. Dolgova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Full Term ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Term Infants ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Extremely Preterm Infants ◽

Term Newborns ◽

Group 2

Background. At the present time, the problem of choice of eye drops to achieve adequate mydriasis with minimal side effects for retinopathy of prematurity screening remains an urgent challenge. Purpose. To estimate the clinical efficacy of combination mydriatic eye drops Fenicamide in infants born at different gestation terms. Materials and methods. Under observation, there were 75 newborns (150 eyes) and babies aged from 1 day to 3 months (average, 38.2 ± 32.2 days). Patients were distributed into 3 groups depending on gestational age: group 1 consisted of 25 full-term infants; group 2 – of 25 premature babies, and group 3 – of 25 extremely preterm infants. To achieve mydriasis, 1 drop of combination eye drops (5% phenylephrine and 0.8% tropicamide) was instilled. Dynamics of pupil diameter change in each group of patients was registered within 4 hours, and side effects were recorded within 24 hours. The quality of fundus visualization was estimated using a pediatric retinal camera RetCam 3. Results. Maximal pupil dilation (average, 6.5 ± 0.5 mm) was reached to 60 ± 14 min after instillation on average; pupil remained dilated within 1 hour, its diameter became normal in 4 hours. Mydriasis varied from 5.9 mm in extremely premature infants to 7 mm in the full-term newborns (p > 0.05), and allowed a full and high quality examination of the fundus in all patients, including the visualization of peripheral zones of the retina for retinopathy of prematurity screening. It was established that drug side effects were absent in 76% (57) of infants, they were present in 24% (18) of infants, mostly as local reaction. Conclusion. Fenicamide eye drops are an effective mydriatic medication, with a convenient instillation regimen, have minimal side effects, and can be recommended for retinopathy of prematurity screening and monitoring.

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Retinopathy of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia are Independent Antecedents of Cortical Maturational Abnormalities in Very Preterm Infants

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56298-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julia E. Kline ◽

Venkata Sita Priyanka Illapani ◽

Lili He ◽

Mekibib Altaye ◽

Nehal A. Parikh

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Very Preterm Infants ◽

Equivalent Age ◽

Very Preterm

AbstractVery preterm (VPT) infants are at high-risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, however there are few validated biomarkers at term-equivalent age that accurately measure abnormal brain development and predict future impairments. Our objectives were to quantify and contrast cortical features between full-term and VPT infants at term and to associate two key antecedent risk factors, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), with cortical maturational changes in VPT infants. We prospectively enrolled a population-based cohort of 110 VPT infants (gestational age ≤31 weeks) and 51 healthy full-term infants (gestational age 38–42 weeks). Structural brain MRI was performed at term. 94 VPT infants and 46 full-term infants with high-quality T2-weighted MRI were analyzed. As compared to full-term infants, VPT infants exhibited significant global cortical maturational abnormalities, including reduced surface area (−5.9%) and gyrification (−6.7%) and increased curvature (5.9%). In multivariable regression controlled for important covariates, BPD was significantly negatively correlated with lobar and global cortical surface area and ROP was significantly negatively correlated with lobar and global sulcal depth in VPT infants. Our cohort of VPT infants exhibited widespread cortical maturation abnormalities by term-equivalent age that were in part anteceded by two of the most potent neonatal diseases, BPD and ROP.

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Decreased amygdala volume in adults after premature birth

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84906-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Benita Schmitz-Koep ◽

Juliana Zimmermann ◽

Aurore Menegaux ◽

Rachel Nuttall ◽

Josef G. Bäuml ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Full Term ◽

T Score ◽

Anxiety Trait ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Amygdala Volume ◽

Premature Born

AbstractPremature-born infants have impaired amygdala structure, presumably due to increased stress levels of premature birth mediated by the amygdala. However, accounting for lifelong plasticity of amygdala, it is unclear whether such structural changes persist into adulthood. To address this problem, we stated the following questions: first, are whole amygdala volumes reduced in premature-born adults? And second, as adult anxiety traits are often increased after prematurity and linked with amygdala structure, are alterations in amygdala associated with adults’ anxiety traits after premature birth? We addressed these questions by automated amygdala segmentation of MRI volumes in 101 very premature-born adults (< 32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight below 1500 g) and 108 full-term controls at 26 years of age of a prospectively and longitudinally collected cohort. We found significantly lower whole amygdala volumes in premature-born adults. While premature-born adults had significantly higher T score for avoidant personality reflecting increased social anxiety trait, this trait was not correlated with amygdala volume alterations. Results demonstrate reduced amygdala volumes in premature born adults. Data suggest lasting effects of prematurity on amygdala structure.

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