Effect of rheology and solids concentration on hydrocyclones performance: A study involving the design variables of an optimized hydrocyclone

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on steel cord deformation and force investigation within heavy-duty radial tires. Typical bending deformation and tension force distributions of steel reinforcement within a truck bus radial (TBR) tire have been obtained, and they provide useful input for the local scale modeling of the steel cord. The three-dimensional carpet plots of the cord force distribution within a TBR tire are presented. The carcass-bending curvature is derived from the deformation of the carcass center line. A high-efficiency modeling approach for layered multistrand cord structures has been developed that uses cord design variables such as lay angle, lay length, and radius of the strand center line as input. Several types of steel cord have been modeled using the developed method as an example. The pure tension for two cords and the combined tension bending under various loading conditions relevant to tire deformation have been simulated by a finite element analysis (FEA). Good agreement has been found between experimental and FEA-determined tension force-displacement curves, and the characteristic structural and plastic deformation phases have been revealed by the FE simulation. Furthermore, some interesting local stress and deformation patterns under combined tension and bending are found that have not been previously reported. In addition, an experimental cord force measurement approach is included in this article.

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Multi-Objective Design Problem of Tire Wear and Visualization of Its Pareto Solutions2

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2345640 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 170-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Koishi ◽

Z. Shida

Keyword(s):

Inverse Problems ◽

Conceptual Design ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Design Stage ◽

Objective Functions ◽

Pareto Solutions ◽

Design Problems ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Design Engineers ◽

Design Variables

Abstract Since tires carry out many functions and many of them have tradeoffs, it is important to find the combination of design variables that satisfy well-balanced performance in conceptual design stage. To find a good design of tires is to solve the multi-objective design problems, i.e., inverse problems. However, due to the lack of suitable solution techniques, such problems are converted into a single-objective optimization problem before being solved. Therefore, it is difficult to find the Pareto solutions of multi-objective design problems of tires. Recently, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have become popular in many fields to find the Pareto solutions. In this paper, we propose a design procedure to solve multi-objective design problems as the comprehensive solver of inverse problems. At first, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is employed to find the Pareto solutions of tire performance, which are in multi-dimensional space of objective functions. Response surface method is also used to evaluate objective functions in the optimization process and can reduce CPU time dramatically. In addition, a self-organizing map (SOM) proposed by Kohonen is used to map Pareto solutions from high-dimensional objective space onto two-dimensional space. Using SOM, design engineers see easily the Pareto solutions of tire performance and can find suitable design plans. The SOM can be considered as an inverse function that defines the relation between Pareto solutions and design variables. To demonstrate the procedure, tire tread design is conducted. The objective of design is to improve uneven wear and wear life for both the front tire and the rear tire of a passenger car. Wear performance is evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA). Response surface is obtained by the design of experiments and FEA. Using both MOGA and SOM, we obtain a map of Pareto solutions. We can find suitable design plans that satisfy well-balanced performance on the map called “multi-performance map.” It helps tire design engineers to make their decision in conceptual design stage.

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High solids concentration of black liquor.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL ◽

10.2524/jtappij.39.65 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatsuo Nakano ◽

Shuichi Nagato ◽

Michihiro Nakura

Keyword(s):

Black Liquor ◽

High Solids ◽

Solids Concentration

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Shape Optimization of Hydraulic Structures: an Example of an Optimum Design of a Fish Passage

10.29007/2k64 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Pat Prodanovic ◽

Cedric Goeury ◽

Fabrice Zaoui ◽

Riadh Ata ◽

Jacques Fontaine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Shape Optimization ◽

Objective Function ◽

Optimum Design ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

A Priori ◽

Coupled System ◽

Fish Passage ◽

Hydraulic Structures ◽

Design Variables

This paper presents a practical methodology developed for shape optimization studies of hydraulic structures using environmental numerical modelling codes. The methodology starts by defining the optimization problem and identifying relevant problem constraints. Design variables in shape optimization studies are configuration of structures (such as length or spacing of groins, orientation and layout of breakwaters, etc.) whose optimal orientation is not known a priori. The optimization problem is solved numerically by coupling an optimization algorithm to a numerical model. The coupled system is able to define, test and evaluate a multitude of new shapes, which are internally generated and then simulated using a numerical model. The developed methodology is tested using an example of an optimum design of a fish passage, where the design variables are the length and the position of slots. In this paper an objective function is defined where a target is specified and the numerical optimizer is asked to retrieve the target solution. Such a definition of the objective function is used to validate the developed tool chain. This work uses the numerical model TELEMAC- 2Dfrom the TELEMAC-MASCARET suite of numerical solvers for the solution of shallow water equations, coupled with various numerical optimization algorithms available in the literature.

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Characteristics of ethanol yeast strains in production conditions under higher mash solids concentration conditions

FOOD RESOURCES ◽

10.31073/foodresources2019-12-13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

Taras Lysak ◽

◽

Serhii Oliinichuk ◽

Olha Koval ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yeast Strains ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Production Conditions

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A SIMPLIFIED ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF TIMBER LIGHT-FRAME SHEAR WALLS

NED University Journal of Research ◽

10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽

pp. 173-180

Author(s):

Giorgia Di Gangi ◽

Giorgio Monti ◽

Giuseppe Quaranta ◽

Marco Vailati ◽

Cristoforo Demartino

Keyword(s):

Analytical Procedure ◽

Seismic Analysis ◽

Shear Walls ◽

Element Model ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Damping Factor ◽

Equivalent Viscous Damping ◽

Design Variables ◽

Depth Analysis

The seismic performance of timber light-frame shear walls is investigated in this paper with a focus on energy dissipation and ductility ensured by sheathing-to-framing connections. An original parametric finite element model has been developed in order to perform sensitivity analyses. The model considers the design variables affecting the racking load-carrying capacity of the wall. These variables include aspect ratio (height-to-width ratio), fastener spacing, number of vertical studs and framing elements cross-section size. A failure criterion has been defined based on the observation of both the global behaviour of the wall and local behaviour of fasteners in order to identify the ultimate displacement of the wall. The equivalent viscous damping has been numerically assessed by estimating the damping factor which is in use in the capacity spectrum method. Finally, an in-depth analysis of the results obtained from the sensitivity analyses led to the development of a simplified analytical procedure which is able to predict the capacity curve of a timber light-frame shear wall.

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Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.594e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 594e-594

Author(s):

Charles J. Graham

Keyword(s):

Cell Volume ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Field Performance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Average Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

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Impact of Feeding Activity of Silver Carp on Plankton Removal from a High-Rate Pond Effluent

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2005.022 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 191-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nadia Berday ◽

Driss Zaoui ◽

Abdeljaouad Lamrini ◽

Mustapha Abi

Keyword(s):

Feeding Activity ◽

Silver Carp ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

High Rate ◽

Fish Pond ◽

Gut Contents ◽

Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽

Technology System ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Plankton Communities

Abstract The effect of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) feeding activity on the plankton communities in a high-rate pond technology system (HRPTS) effluent was investigated over a period of 100 days. The experiment was conducted at the experimental wastewater treatment plant of the Agronomic and Veterinary Medicine Institute (AVI) of Rabat, Morocco, using a HRPTS in a fish pond receiving the plant effluent. The effluent was highly dominated by phytoplankton (99.95%). Silver carp could survive and grow in the fish pond. Production was 37 kg with a very low mortality rate (12%). The high specific intestine weight (7%) and intake rates of biomass and phytoplankton by silver carp (616 g kg-1 of fish day-1 and 1.6 x 1011 cell kg-1 of fish day-1, respectively) demonstrated the importance of the feeding activity of the fish. Zooplankton intake rates were lower (2 x 107 bodies kg-1 of fish day-1). The high intestine index (3 to 4.3 for fish sizes of 14 to 22 cm) and the dominance of phytoplankton in the gut contents (99.95%) confirmed an omnivorous/ phytoplanctivorous diet. Silver carp were efficient in removing plankton from the HRPTS effluent. The net removal yields of biomass were 285 g m-3 day-1 and 322 g kg-1 of fish day-1, 7 x 1010 algal cells kg-1 of fish day-1 and 8.7 x 107 zooplankton bodies kg-1 of fish day-1, with net removal rates of 47, 64 and 62%, respectively. The total suspended solids concentration decreased from 211 in the inflow to 112 mg L-1 in the fish pond.

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