scholarly journals Acute stress imposed during adolescence has minimal effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis sensitivity in adulthood in female Sprague Dawley rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 112707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis F. Lovelock ◽  
Terrence Deak
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Effects of prolonged exendin-4 administration on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and water balance

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (10) ◽  
pp. E1105-E1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gil-Lozano ◽  
Marina Romaní-Pérez ◽  
Verónica Outeiriño-Iglesias ◽  
Eva Vigo ◽  
Patricia L. Brubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

Exendin-4 (Ex-4) is a natural agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, currently being used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its insulinotropic properties. Previous studies have revealed that acute administration of both GLP-1 and, in particular, Ex-4 potently stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In this work, the effects of prolonged Ex-4 exposure on HPA function were explored. To this end, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a daily regimen of two Ex-4 injections (5 μg/kg sc) for a minimum of 7 days. We found that subchronic Ex-4 administration produced a number of effects that resemble chronic stress situations, including hyperactivation of the HPA axis during the trough hours, disruption of glucocorticoid circadian secretion, hypertrophy of the adrenal gland, decreased adrenal gland sensitivity, impaired pituitary-adrenal stress responses, and reductions in both food intake and body weight. In addition, a threefold increase in diuresis was observed followed by a 1.5-fold increase in water intake; these latter effects were abolished by adrenalectomy. Together, these findings indicate that Ex-4 induces a profound dysregulation of HPA axis activity that may also affect renal function.

scholarly journals The dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in diet-induced prediabetic male Sprague Dawley rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palesa Mosili ◽  
Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize ◽  
Phikelelani Ngubane ◽  
Ntethelelo Sibiya ◽  
Andile Khathi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Acth Concentration

Abstract Background: Altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Methods: Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-prediabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n=6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. At the end of the 20 and 32-week periods, glucose handling using the Homeostasis Model Assessment indices, adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. Stress was induced and the forced swim test (FST) were performed in the 12-week experimental week. At the end of 32 weeks glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hippocampal receptors were measured too. Results: Impaired glucose handling in the PD group as well as increase in corticosterone (CORT) was observed at the end of both 20 and 32-week periods by comparison to NPD groups. No changes were observed in ACTH concentration at week 20 while, at week 32, a decrease in plasma ACTH concentration was observed in the PD group by comparison to the NPD group. The stressed-induced animals were stressed underwent the forced swim test: the behaviour observed showed an increase in immobility time in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD group. This was followed by the observation of a decrease in ACTH and CORT concentration in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD stressed group. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors gene expression were elevated in the stressed PD group relative to the stressed NPD group. Conclusion: These observations, together, suggest that diet-induced pre-diabetes is associated with impaired HPA axis activity and deteriorating response to stress.

scholarly journals The dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in diet-induced prediabetic male Sprague Dawley rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palesa Mosili ◽  
Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize ◽  
Phikelelani Ngubane ◽  
Ntethelelo Sibiya ◽  
Andile Khathi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Acth Concentration

Abstract Background Altered function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Methods Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-pre-diabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n = 6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. At the end of the 20 and 32-week periods, glucose handling using the Homeostasis Model Assessment indices, adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. Stress was induced and the forced swim test were performed in the 12-week experimental week. At the end of 32 weeks glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hippocampal receptors were also measured. Results Impaired glucose handling in the PD group as well as increase in corticosterone was observed at the end of both 20 and 32-week periods by comparison to NPD groups. No changes were observed in ACTH concentration at week 20 while, at week 32, a decrease in plasma ACTH concentration was observed in the PD group by comparison to the NPD group. The stressed-induced animals were stressed using the forced swim test: the behaviour observed showed an increase in immobility time in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD group. This was followed by the observation of a decrease in ACTH and CORT concentration in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD stressed group. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors gene expression were elevated in the stressed PD group relative to the stressed NPD group. Conclusion These observations, together, suggest that diet-induced pre-diabetes is associated with impaired HPA axis activity and deteriorating response to stress.

scholarly journals The Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis in Diet-induced Prediabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palesa Mosili ◽  
Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize ◽  
Phikelelani Ngubane ◽  
Ntethelelo Sibiya ◽  
Andile Khathi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Acth Concentration

Abstract Background: Altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Methods: Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-prediabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n=6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. At the end of the 20 and 32-week periods, insulin resistance using the HOMA-IR index, adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. Stress was induced and the forced swim test (FST) were performed in the 12-week experimental week. At the end of 32 weeks glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hippocampal receptors were measured too. Results: Impaired glucose handling in the PD group as well as increase in corticosterone (CORT) was observed at the end of both 20 and 32-week periods by comparison to NPD groups. No changes were observed in ACTH concentration at week 20 while, at week 32, a decrease in plasma ACTH concentration was observed in the PD group by comparison to the NPD group. The stressed-induced animals were stressed underwent the forced swim test: the behaviour observed showed an increase in immobility time in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD group. This was followed by the observation of a decrease in ACTH and CORT concentration in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD stressed group. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors gene expression were elevated in the stressed PD group relative to the stressed NPD group. Conclusion: These observations, together, suggest that diet-induced pre-diabetes is associated with impaired HPA axis activity and deteriorating response to stress.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ventral Noradrenergic Bundle Lesions on Increased IL-1 in the PVN and Hormonal Responses to Stress in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 2489-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Blandino ◽  
Cara M. Hueston ◽  
Christopher J. Barnum ◽  
Christopher Bishop ◽  
Terrence Deak
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Upstream Regulator ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ventral Noradrenergic Bundle ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of acute stress on inflammatory signaling within the central nervous system is of interest because these factors influence neuroendocrine function both directly and indirectly. Exposure to certain stressors increases expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, Il-1β in the hypothalamus. Increased IL-1 is reciprocally regulated by norepinephrine (stimulatory) and corticosterone (inhibitory), yet neural pathways underlying increased IL-1 have not been clarified. These experiments explored the impact of bilateral lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNAB) on IL-1 expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) after foot shock. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the VNAB (VNABx) and were exposed to intermittent foot shock. VNABx depleted approximately 64% of norepinephrine in the PVN and attenuated the IL-1 response produced by foot shock. However, characterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response, a crucial prerequisite for interpreting the effect of VNABx on IL-1 expression, revealed a profound dissociation between ACTH and corticosterone. Specifically, VNABx blocked the intronic CRH response in the PVN and the increase in plasma ACTH, whereas corticosterone was unaffected at all time points examined. Additionally, foot shock led to a rapid and profound increase in cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1 expression within the adrenal glands, whereas more subtle effects were observed in the pituitary gland. Together the findings were the 1) demonstration that exposure to acute stress increased expression of inflammatory factors more broadly throughout the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; 2) implication of a modest role for norepinephrine-containing fibers of the VNAB as an upstream regulator of PVN IL-1; and 3) suggestion of an ACTH-independent mechanism controlling the release of corticosterone in VNABx rats.

scholarly journals Moderate Adolescent Ethanol Vapor Exposure and Acute Stress in Adulthood: Sex-Dependent Effects on Social Behavior and Ethanol Intake in Sprague–Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Gamble ◽  
Marvin R. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Adolescent alcohol use can lead to numerous consequences, including altered stress reactivity and higher risk for later anxiety and alcohol use disorders. Many studies have examined the consequences of heavy ethanol exposure in adolescence, but far less is understood about lower levels of intoxication. The present study examined moderate adolescent ethanol exposure as a possible factor in increasing stress reactivity in adulthood, measured through general and social anxiety-like behaviors, as well voluntary ethanol intake. Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats underwent an adolescent chronic intermittent ethanol (aCIE) vapor exposure during early adolescence, reaching moderate blood ethanol concentrations. Animals then underwent two days of forced swim stress in adulthood. We found that ethanol-exposed males consumed more ethanol than their air counterparts and an interesting stress and ethanol exposure interaction in males. There were no significant effects on voluntary drinking in females. However, the social interaction test revealed increased play-fighting behavior in ethanol-exposed females and reduced social preference in females after two days of stress exposure. Overall, this work provides evidence for sex-specific, long-term effects of moderate aCIE and susceptibility to acute stress in adulthood.

1079 A Probiotic Treatment (Lactobacillus farciminis) Attenuates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Response to Acute Stress in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. A-167
Author(s):  
Afifa Ait-Belgnaoui ◽  
Helene Eutamene ◽  
Christel Salvador-Cartier ◽  
Henri Durand ◽  
Eric Houdeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Probiotic Treatment

Effects of diet and exposure to hindlimb suspension on estrous cycling in Sprague-Dawley rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. E425-E433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. L. Tou ◽  
Richard E. Grindeland ◽  
Charles E. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Various factors can disrupt the female reproductive cycle resulting in subfertility. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether physiological changes associated with exposure to hypogravity disrupt reproductive cycles. The hindlimb suspension (HLS) model was used to simulate the major physiological effects of hypogravity in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Also, to determine whether diet may influence reproductive results, rats were fed purified American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G or chow diet. Rats ( n = 9-11/group) subjected to HLS had lengthened estrous cycles due to prolonged diestrus, indicating hypoestrogenism. Interestingly, HLS rats fed AIN-93G but not chow diet had significantly reduced time spent in estrus and decreased plasma estradiol. Attenuation of hypoestrogenism in the chow-fed rats suggested that diet provided an exogenous source of estrogen. The mechanism involved in the disruption of estrous cycling remains to be determined. HLS increased urinary corticosterone (CORT) levels during the initial 4 days of HLS, suggesting that physiological responses to acute stress may be a potential mechanism in the disruption of estrous cycles. Higher basal urinary CORT was observed in rats fed chow vs. AIN-93G diet. HLS resulted in increased urinary CORT. However, two-way ANOVA indicated a significant HLS effect ( P < 0.001) but no effect of HLS × diet effect on urinary CORT levels, suggesting that estrogenic activity associated with the chow diet did not enhance the stress response. The results of this study indicate that HLS, diet, and the combination of HLS and diet influence estrous cycling. This has important implications for future reproductive success in the hypogravity environment of space.

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