scholarly journals Moderate Adolescent Ethanol Vapor Exposure and Acute Stress in Adulthood: Sex-Dependent Effects on Social Behavior and Ethanol Intake in Sprague–Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Gamble ◽  
Marvin R. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Adolescent alcohol use can lead to numerous consequences, including altered stress reactivity and higher risk for later anxiety and alcohol use disorders. Many studies have examined the consequences of heavy ethanol exposure in adolescence, but far less is understood about lower levels of intoxication. The present study examined moderate adolescent ethanol exposure as a possible factor in increasing stress reactivity in adulthood, measured through general and social anxiety-like behaviors, as well voluntary ethanol intake. Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats underwent an adolescent chronic intermittent ethanol (aCIE) vapor exposure during early adolescence, reaching moderate blood ethanol concentrations. Animals then underwent two days of forced swim stress in adulthood. We found that ethanol-exposed males consumed more ethanol than their air counterparts and an interesting stress and ethanol exposure interaction in males. There were no significant effects on voluntary drinking in females. However, the social interaction test revealed increased play-fighting behavior in ethanol-exposed females and reduced social preference in females after two days of stress exposure. Overall, this work provides evidence for sex-specific, long-term effects of moderate aCIE and susceptibility to acute stress in adulthood.

scholarly journals 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Enhances Cue-Conditioned Alcohol Reinstatement in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Hogarth ◽  
Elvan Djouma ◽  
Maarten van den Buuse
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Progressive Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a detrimental disease that develops through chronic ethanol exposure. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression has been associated with AUD and alcohol addiction, however the effects of activation of BDNF signalling in the brain on voluntary alcohol intake reinstatement and relapse are unknown. We therefore trained male and female Sprague Dawley rats in operant chambers to self-administer a 10% ethanol solution. Following baseline acquisition and progressive ratio (PR) analysis, rats were split into drug and vehicle groups during alcohol lever extinction. The animals received two weeks of daily IP injection of either the BDNF receptor, TrkB, agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), or vehicle. During acquisition of alcohol self-administration, males had significantly higher absolute numbers of alcohol-paired lever presses and a higher PR breakpoint. However, after adjusting for body weight, the amount of ethanol was not different between the sexes and the PR breakpoint was higher in females than males. Following extinction, alcohol-primed reinstatement in male rats was not altered by pretreatment with 7,8-DHF when adjusted for body weight. In contrast, in female rats, the weight-adjusted potential amount of ethanol, but not absolute numbers of active lever presses, was significantly enhanced by 7,8-DHF treatment during reinstatement. Analysis of spontaneous locomotor activity in automated photocell cages suggested that the effect of 7,8-DHF was not associated with hyperactivity. These results suggest that stimulation of the TrkB receptor may contribute to reward craving and relapse in AUD, particularly in females.

Effects of diet and exposure to hindlimb suspension on estrous cycling in Sprague-Dawley rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. E425-E433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. L. Tou ◽  
Richard E. Grindeland ◽  
Charles E. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Various factors can disrupt the female reproductive cycle resulting in subfertility. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether physiological changes associated with exposure to hypogravity disrupt reproductive cycles. The hindlimb suspension (HLS) model was used to simulate the major physiological effects of hypogravity in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Also, to determine whether diet may influence reproductive results, rats were fed purified American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G or chow diet. Rats ( n = 9-11/group) subjected to HLS had lengthened estrous cycles due to prolonged diestrus, indicating hypoestrogenism. Interestingly, HLS rats fed AIN-93G but not chow diet had significantly reduced time spent in estrus and decreased plasma estradiol. Attenuation of hypoestrogenism in the chow-fed rats suggested that diet provided an exogenous source of estrogen. The mechanism involved in the disruption of estrous cycling remains to be determined. HLS increased urinary corticosterone (CORT) levels during the initial 4 days of HLS, suggesting that physiological responses to acute stress may be a potential mechanism in the disruption of estrous cycles. Higher basal urinary CORT was observed in rats fed chow vs. AIN-93G diet. HLS resulted in increased urinary CORT. However, two-way ANOVA indicated a significant HLS effect ( P < 0.001) but no effect of HLS × diet effect on urinary CORT levels, suggesting that estrogenic activity associated with the chow diet did not enhance the stress response. The results of this study indicate that HLS, diet, and the combination of HLS and diet influence estrous cycling. This has important implications for future reproductive success in the hypogravity environment of space.

Prevention of stress-induced weight loss by third ventricle CRF receptor antagonist

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. R1461-R1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady N. Smagin ◽  
Leigh Anne Howell ◽  
Stephen Redmann ◽  
Donna H. Ryan ◽  
Ruth B. S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Acute Responses

We previously reported that rats exposed to repeated restraint (3 h/day for 3 days) experience temporary hypophagia and a sustained reduction in body weight compared with nonrestrained controls. Studies described here determined the involvement of central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the initiation of this chronic response to acute stress. In experiment 1, Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with cannulas in the lateral ventricle and infused with 50 μg of αhCRF-(9—41) or saline immediately before restraint on each of the 3 days of restraint. The receptor antagonist inhibited hypophagia and weight loss on day 1 of restraint but not on days 2 and 3. In experiment 2, 10 μg of αhCRF-(9—41) or saline were infused into the third ventricle immediately before each restraint. The receptor antagonist totally blocked stress-induced hypophagia and weight loss. These results demonstrate that CRF receptors located in or near the hypothalamus mediate the acute responses to stress that lead to a permanent change in the hormonal or metabolic processes that determine body weight and body composition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document