The effect of sensory stimulation combined with mirror box therapy on fine dexterity of the hand: Mobilisation and tactile stimulation

Background: Peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. Unlike their impact on metabolism and perfusion, triggering factors are virtually unknown. We hypothesized that transient worsening of O2 supply-demand mismatch precipitates a PID in critically hypoperfused penumbra. Methods: We optically imaged cortical blood flow and oxygenation during distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice under full systemic physiological monitoring, and tested whether a transient (5 min) drop in O2 supply (hypotension or hypoxia) or increase in O2 demand (somatosensory cortical activation) can trigger PIDs during acute focal cerebral ischemia. Results: Transient hypotension (<70 mmHg) or hypoxia (<90 mmHg) triggered a PID 90% of the time (p<0.01). Increasing the O2 demand by functional activation (tactile stimulation) of moderately ischemic cortex (contralesional forepaw or shoulder S1) increased the 5-min incidence of PIDs by approximately five-fold (p=0.001). Cortical oxyhemoglobin levels dropped by 35-40% in the activated S1 immediately before a PID (p=0.004) confirming increased O2 demand. Cortical foci from which PIDs originated during tactile stimulation had 27-32% residual CBF, indicating the presence of a critical range of ischemia vulnerable to PID initiation upon increased demand. Consistently, activation of non-ischemic cortex (hindpaw S1) or severely ischemic cortex (whisker S1) did not significantly increase the PID rate. Both tetrodotoxin (1 μM topical) and normobaric hyperoxia prevented somatosensory triggering of PIDs. Conclusion: PIDs are triggered upon O2 supply-demand mismatch transients in metastable peri-infarct hot zones due to increased demand or reduced supply. We propose that minimizing sensory stimulation and hypoxic or hypotensive transients in the early stages of stroke and brain injury would reduce PID incidence and their adverse impact on outcome.

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Brain Effects of Environmental Enrichment and Deprivation

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.722 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bryan Kolb

Keyword(s):

Environmental Enrichment ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Social Experiences ◽

Neuronal Structure ◽

Brain Organization ◽

Human Infants ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Sensory Experiences ◽

Wide Range

The role of experience in brain organization and function can be studied by systematically manipulating developmental experiences. The most common protocols use extremes in experiential manipulation, such as environmental deprivation and/or enrichment. Studies of the effects of deprivation range from laboratory studies in which animals are raised in the absence of sensory or social experiences from infancy to children raised in orphanages with limited caregiver interaction. In both cases there are chronic perceptual, cognitive, and social dsyfunctions that are associated with chronic changes in neuronal structure and connectivity. Deprivation can be more subtle too, such as being raised in a low socioeconomic environment, which is often associated with poverty. Such experience is especially detrimental to language development, which in turn, limits educational opportunities. Unfortunately, the effects of some forms of socioemotional deprivation are often difficult, if not impossible, to ameliorate. In contrast, adding sensory or social experiences can enhance behavioral functions. For example, placing animals in environments that are cognitively, motorically, and/or socially more complex than standard laboratory housing is associated with neuronal changes that are correlated with superior functions. Enhanced sensory experiences can be relatively subtle, however. For example, tactile stimulation with a soft brush for 15 minutes, three times daily for just two weeks in infant rats leads to permanent improvement in a wide range of psychological functions, including motoric, mnemonic, and other cognitive functions. Both complex environments and sensory stimulation can also reverse the negative effects of many other experiences. Thus, tactile stimulation accelerates discharge from hospital for premature human infants and stimulates recovery from stroke in both infant and adult rats. In sum, brain and behavioral functions are exquisitely influenced by manipulation of sensory experiences, especially in development.

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Tactile Communication Between Ewe and Lamb and the Onset of Suckling

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853987x00413 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 101 (1-3) ◽

pp. 156-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Margaret A. Vince

Keyword(s):

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Mouth Opening ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Similar Response ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Tactile Communication ◽

Different Types ◽

The Face ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Natural Situation

AbstractA series of experiments shows (1) that the effects of tactile stimulation produced by covering the face and eyes of an unsuckled Clun Forest or Soay lamb elicits a vigorous response which includes elements such as tilting up of the muzzle, lengthening of the neck, munching, mouth opening, curling back of the upper lip in the sucking position, tongue protrusion and apparent reaching and grasping movements of the lower jaw, upper and lower lips and the tongue (2) that these movements are directional in that the neck, head, lower jaw, lips and tongue are usually turned towards the stimulus (3) that before the lamb has attained a standing posture this response appears only weakly and may be replaced by a downward head movement; also it is weakened or disappears after the lamb has sucked (4) a similar response can be elicited by a visual stimulus only more slowly and in a less vigorous form. In Soay, but not in Clun Forest, lambs the response to touch was maintained for longer when the eyes were covered, than when the lambs were able to see (5) touch on the belly of the dam, simulating that produced by a lamb pushing its muzzle up against her, causes her to arch her back upwards, while touch nearer to or on the udder, or in the inguinal area, but not on the back of the udder, is associated with lowering of the tail and an outward movement of the hind leg which exposes the teat. The findings are considered in their relation to the natural situation immediately after birth of the lamb when the interchange of different types of tactile and other sensory stimulation gradually brings both partners into a situation in which the lamb can grasp the teat and suck.

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When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.734235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Raffaella Ricci ◽

Michela Caldano ◽

Ilaria Sabatelli ◽

Emanuele Cirillo ◽

Roberto Gammeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Left Hand ◽

Right Hand ◽

Mirror Box ◽

The Right ◽

Tactile Sensations ◽

Crucial Condition

In the present article, we investigated the possibility of inducing phantom tactile sensations in healthy individuals similar to those that we observed in patients after stroke. On the basis of previous research, we assumed that manipulating visual feedbacks may guide and influence, under certain conditions, the phenomenal experience of touch. To this aim, we used the Tactile Quadrant Stimulation (TQS) test in which subjects, in the crucial condition, must indicate whether and where they perceive a double tactile stimulation applied simultaneously in different quadrants of the two hands (asymmetrical Double Simultaneous Stimulation trial, Asym-DSS). The task was performed with the left-hand out of sight and the right-hand reflected in a mirror so that the right-hand reflected in the mirror looks like the own left-hand. We found that in the Asym-DSS trial, the vision of the right-hand reflected in the mirror and stimulated by a tactile stimulus elicited on the left-hand the sensation of having been touched in the same quadrant as the right-hand. In other words, we found in healthy subjects the same phantom touch effect that we previously found in patients. We interpreted these results as modulation of tactile representation by bottom-up (multisensory integration of stimuli coming from the right real and the right reflected hand) and possibly top-down (body ownership distortion) processing triggered by our experimental setup, unveiling bilateral representation of touch.

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Noncontingent Application Versus Contingent Removal of Tactile Stimulation: Effects on Self-injury in a Young Boy with Multiple Disabilities

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1017/s0813483900005994 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jeff Sigafoos ◽

Donna Pennell

Keyword(s):

Developmental Disabilities ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Multiple Disabilities ◽

Automatic Reinforcement ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Self Injury ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Unstructured Play

This study examined the effects of tactile stimulation on self-injurious behaviour (SIB) in a 10-year-old boy with developmental disabilities. SIB occurred at high rates during unstructured play, suggesting an automatic reinforcement, sensory stimulation function. Noncontingent application of an alternative source of tactile stimulation produced only modest reductions in SIB, but contingent removal of the objects used to obtain tactile stimulation produced clinically significant reductions.

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Integration of sensory and motor representations of single fingers in the human cerebellum

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00106.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 3042-3053 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Tobias Wiestler ◽

David J. McGonigle ◽

Jörn Diedrichsen

Keyword(s):

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Force Production ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Somatotopic Organization ◽

Human Cerebellum ◽

Motor Maps ◽

The Individual ◽

Motor Representations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stimulation Of

The cerebellum is thought to play a key role in the integration of sensory and motor events. Little is known, however, about how sensory and motor maps in the cerebellum superimpose. In the present study we investigated the relationship between these two maps for the representation of single fingers. Participants made isometric key presses with individual fingers or received vibratory tactile stimulation to the fingertips while undergoing high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using multivariate analysis, we have demonstrated that the ipsilateral lobule V and VIII show patterns of activity that encode, within the same region, both which finger pressed and which finger was stimulated. The individual finger-specific activation patches are smaller than 3 mm and only show a weak somatotopic organization. To study the superposition of sensory and motor maps, we correlated the finger-specific patterns across the two conditions. In the neocortex, sensory stimulation of one digit led to activation of the same patches as force production by the same digit; in the cerebellum, these activation patches were organized in an uncorrelated manner. This suggests that, in the cerebellum, a movement of a particular finger is paired with a range of possible sensory outcomes. In summary, our results indicate a small and fractured representation of single digits in the cerebellum and suggest a fundamental difference in how the cerebellum and the neocortex integrate sensory and motor events.

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+Gz Acceleration Loss of Consciousness: Use of G-suit Pressurization and Sensory Stimulation to Enhance Recovery

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120705101903 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (19) ◽

pp. 1296-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lloyd D. Tripp ◽

Joel S. Warm ◽

Gerald Matthews ◽

Peter Y. Chiu ◽

R. Bruce Bracken

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Total Performance ◽

Time Required

Gravity-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC) is the second largest human factors problem facing fighter pilots today. Whinnery, Burton, Boll, and Eddy, (1987) found that the GLOC event consists of a 24-sec period of total incapacitation involving unconsciousness and confusion. A study by Tripp, et al. (2006) found that the GLOC problem was much worse that originally thought with total performance incapacitation lasting for 87 sec. The two studies described herein were designed to decrease the time required to recover from the GLOC event. Toward that end, the first study employed an anti-G suit inflation technique while the second study exposed participants to accessory auditory, visual, and tactile stimulation following GLOC. Both procedures significantly reduced the duration of the GLOC episode but the reductions were not substantial enough to be functionally effective.

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A Continuous Illusion of Having a Sixth Finger

Perception ◽

10.1177/0301006620939457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 807-821

Author(s):

Denise Cadete ◽

Matthew R. Longo

Keyword(s):

Personal Identity ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Body Part ◽

Body Parts ◽

Mirror Box ◽

Illusory Perception ◽

Extended Duration ◽

Multisensory Illusions

Our body is central to our sense of self and personal identity, yet it can be manipulated in the laboratory in surprisingly easy ways. Several multisensory illusions have shown the flexibility of the mental representation of our bodies by inducing the illusion of owning an artificial body part or having a body part with altered features. Recently, new studies showed we can embody additional body parts such as a supernumerary finger. Newport et al. recently reported a novel six-finger illusion using conflicting visual and tactile signals induced with the mirror box to create the illusory perception of having a sixth finger for a brief moment. In this study, we aimed to replicate this result and to investigate whether the experience of embodiment of a sixth finger could be prolonged for an extended duration by applying continuous visual–tactile stimulation. Results showed that a continuous illusion of having a sixth finger can be clearly induced. This shows that the six-finger illusion does not reflect merely a momentary confusion due to conflicting multisensory signals but can reflect an enduring representation of a supernumerary finger.

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Behavioral Responses to Multisensory Stimulation in Preterm Infants

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v36i2.14850 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 110-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Parimala S. Kanagasabai ◽

Divya Mohan ◽

Leslie E Lewis ◽

Bhamini K. Rao

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Vestibular Stimulation ◽

Multisensory Stimulation ◽

Behavioral Cues ◽

Convenience Sampling

Background: Behavioral responses of preterm infant to sensory stimulation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are important to understand. This would enable NICU professionals to be cautious of overloading stimulations and ensure stability in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to describe the range of behavioral responses associated with multisensory (auditory, visual, tactile and vestibular) stimulation in preterm infants.Material and Methods: We recruited twenty-five preterm infants born at 28 to 36 weeks and birth weight of 1000 to 2000 grams for the study using convenience sampling. In the NICU, preterm infants from 32 weeks gestational age received multisensory stimulation session for duration of 12 minutes per day until discharge along with routine NICU care. During the stimulation, the behavioral responses of the preterm infants were observed and documented.Results: Limb activity and yawning were the most frequently observed behaviors. Sixty-five percent of the behavioral responses were observed during tactile stimulation. The frequency of observed behavioral responses decreased with successive stimulation sessions, which could indicate habituation responses in preterm infants to multisensory stimulation.Conclusions: Preterm infants showed behavioral responses indicating improved alertness and ability to integrate sensory stimulus. However, interpretation of preterm behaviors is a challenge because these behavioral responses could also indicate stress in preterm infants when coupled with other physiological and behavioral cues. Further studies are required to provide a detailed evidence for better clarity of infant’s responses to environmental stimuli.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):110-114

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Premature Infants Respond to Sensory Stimulation

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e309742005-015 ◽

1975 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ruth D. Rice

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Sensory Stimulation

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