Antimicrobial constituents of Thompson seedless raisins (Vitis vinifera) against selected oral pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fausto Rivero-Cruz ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
A. Douglas Kinghorn ◽  
Christine D. Wu
2019 ◽  
pp. 299-301
Author(s):  
Mayhan Hedaitulla ◽  
Roman Kravchenko ◽  
Leonid Troshin

В статье дан обзор современного состояния и тенденциозного развития виноградарской отрасли Афганистана. Виноград выращивается практически в каждой части страны, от Кандагара до Такара и Фарьяба. Наиболее интенсивно виноград возделывают в провинциях Кабул, Парван, Каписа, Кандагар, Гильменд, Джавзян, Герат и Газни. Но в большинстве районов страны культура выращивается не для коммерческого использования, а для семейного потребления. В основном весь виноград Афганистана принадлежит к подвиду Vitis vinifera sativa D.C.. В стране в наличии большое разнообразие доступных сортов (более 100), но самыми распространёнными являются три местных сорта столового направления использования: Шиндохани, Кишмиш белый и Тайфи розовый. При этом сорта Шиндохани и Кишмиш белый еще используются для приготовления изюма. К другим распространенным сортам винограда относятся Хусайне, Аскери, Голадан, Спен Манга, Надери и Бедана Кишмиш сиах (черный без косточек). Также вводятся в производство такие новые коммерческие сорта как Thompson Seedless, Red Globe, Cardinal, Emperor, Fantasy, Crimson Seedless, Flame Seedless, Ruby, Ribier и Black Emerald. В экспорте Афганистана виноград занимает 4%. В Афганистане виноградная лоза в основном возделывается по местной традиционной системе - на земляных курганах с головчатой формировкой. Используется также система «земля-решетчатая». Производственная система виноградарства Афганистана, его культурные практики, сортимент и послеуборочный процесс все еще традиционны. Поэтому для достижения более высоких результатов необходимо ориентироваться на международные стандарты качества, импортировать и распространять новые технологии, координировать процесс между всеми производителями виноградной продукции, повышать их грамотность.The article provides an overview of modern condition and development trends of the viticulture industry in Afghanistan. Grapes are cultivated in almost every part of the country, from the south to Kandahar and to the north to Takar and Faryaba. The most intensive cultivation areas are the provinces Kabul, Parvan, Kapisa, Kandahar, Helmand, Javzyan, Herat and Ghazni. In most parts of the country, grapes are grown not for commercial use but for family consumption. Most of grape varieties in Afghanistan belong to Vitis vinifera sativa D.C. The country has a wide range of available varieties (more than 100), but the most common are three local varieties: ‘Shindokhani’, ‘Kishmishi bely’ and ‘Typhi rozovy’. These are table varieties. At the same time, ‘Shindokhani’ and ‘Kishmishi bely’ are also used for raisin production. Other common grape varieties are ‘Hussaini’, ‘Askari’, ‘Goladan’, ‘Spen Manga’, ‘Naderi’ and ‘Bedana Kishmishi siah’ (black seedless). New commercial varieties ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Red Globe’, ‘Cardinal’, ‘Emperor’, ‘Fantasy’, ‘Crimson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Ruby’, ‘Ribier’ and ‘Black Emerald’ are being introduced into cultivation, too. Grapes account for 4% of the country’s total exports. In Afghanistan, grapes are mainly cultivated according to the local traditional system on mounds of earth with head training. ‘Earth-lattice’ trellis is also used. In Afghanistan, grape production, cultural practices, assortment and post-harvest process are still traditional. Therefore, to achieve better results, it is necessary to focus on international quality standards, to import and disseminate new technologies, to coordinate the process with all producers of grape products, and to increase their professional skills.


Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina G. Petoumenou ◽  
Katerina Biniari ◽  
Efstratios Xyrafis ◽  
Dimitrios Mavronasios ◽  
Ioannis Daskalakis ◽  
...  

Hailstorms are typically localized events, and very little is known about their effect on crops. The objective of this study was to examine the physiological and vine performance responses to natural hail, registered four weeks after full bloom, of field-grown Thompson seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines, one of the most important table grape varieties cultivated in Greece and especially in the Corinthian region in northeastern Peloponnese. Leaf gas exchange, vegetative growth, vine balance indices, cane wood reserves, yield components, and fruit chemical composition were recorded from hail-damaged vines and compared with control vines. Visibly, the extent of the hailstorm damage was great enough to injure or remove leaves as well as cause partial stem bruising and partial injury or total cracking of berries. Our results indicated that natural hail did not affect leaf photosynthesis, berry weight, total acidity, and cane wood reserves but significantly reduced the total leaf area, yield, and the total phenolics of berries at harvest. At the same time, hail-damaged vines increased the leaf area of lateral canes and presented a higher total soluble solid (TSS) accumulation, while no effect on the next year’s fertility was registered. The present work is the first attempt to enhance our understanding of the vegetative yield, berry quality, and physiological responses of grapevines to natural hail, which is an extreme and complex natural phenomenon that is likely to increase due to climate change.


2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtemir Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
João Alexio Scarpare Filho

As cultivares de uvas apirênicas (Vitis vinifera L.), via de regra, possuem bagas de tamanhos reduzidos, necessitando de ajustes no manejo para a melhoria da qualidade dos cachos, sendo a aplicação de reguladores de crescimento um dos tratamentos mais eficazes. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos do forchlorfenuron (CPPU: 0 e 10 mgL-1) combinado ao ácido giberélico (GA3: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mgL-1) durante o primeiro ciclo de produção das cultivares Centennial Seedless, Flame Seedless e Thompson Seedless. As características avaliadas foram o comprimento, diâmetro e peso de bagas. Para a 'Centennial Seedless', maiores comprimentos, diâmetro e peso de bagas foram obtidos com 100 mgL-1 de GA3; e a concentração de 100 mgL-1 de GA3 adicionada a 10 mgL-1 de CPPU foi a mais responsiva para a 'Flame Seedless' e 'Thompson Seedless', observando-se atrasos na maturação, em termos de sólidos solúveis totais, para todas as cultivares.


2014 ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
J. Otárola ◽  
R. Ferreyra ◽  
C. Aspillaga ◽  
C. Zúñiga ◽  
G. Sellés ◽  
...  

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eskalen ◽  
S. Rooney-Latham ◽  
W. D. Gubler

Esca and Petri diseases on grapevine are caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and species of Phaeoacremonium including P. aleophilum, P. viticola, P. angustius, P. parasiticum, P. inflatipes, P. rubrigenum, and P. mortoniae. The teleomorphs of P. aleophilum and P. mortoniae have been recently confirmed as Togninia minima(Tul. & C. Tul.) Berl. (2,3), and T. fraxinopennsylvanica (Hinds) Hausner, Eyjólfsdóttir & J. Reid, respectively (1,2,3). Teleomorphs of other Phaeoacremonium spp. have not been identified, although molecular data suggests that Phaeaoacremonium spp. are linked to the genus Togninia. Naturally infected vineyards with symptoms of esca disease were surveyed during the summer and fall of 2004. Samples were collected from declining ash trees surrounding the vineyards, as well as from symptomatic grapevine trunks, cordons, and spurs. Samples were processed as previously described (1). Sterile isolations were also made from symptomatic vascular tissue of the samples and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA)-tet medium. Perithecia were found on the surfaces of old pruning wounds and in the cracks of cordons and trunks on Vitis vinifera cvs. Thompson Seedless, Riesling, and Cabernet Sauvignon. Perithecia were observed on grapevines in vineyards in six of nine counties, viz. Yolo, Mendocino, El Dorado, Tulare, Madera, and Sonoma. Perithecia were also observed in dead vascular tissue of declining ash tree branches (Fraxinus latifolia) located in the vicinity of vineyards in Sonoma and Yolo counties. Perithecia were black, globose to subglobose, ranging from 160 to 215 μm in diameter, and were both embedded in and superficial on the wood tissue. Neck lengths ranged from 55 to 340 μm. The asci were hyaline, clavate, and ranged in size from 12.5 to 19.5 × 3.2 to 4.5 μm. Ascospores were hyaline, ellipsoid to allantoid, and ranged in size from 3.1 to 4.1 × 1.8 to 2.1 μm. Morphologically these perithecia resemble those of Togninia spp. When plated onto PDA-tet medium, ascospores formed colonies of P. viticola after 10 days of incubation at room temperature. Additionally, P. viticola was isolated from vascular tissue of the collected plant specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first time that P. viticola has been linked to a sexual state. References: (1) A. Eskalen et al. Plant Dis. 89:528, 2005. (2) L. Mostert et al. Mycologia 95:646, 2003. (3) S. Rooney-Latham. Plant Dis. 89:177, 2005.


HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1626-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
Kimberley A. Cathline ◽  
Jacqueline K. Burns

Effective abscission agents that decrease fruit detachment force (FDF) are sought by the California raisin industry to improve the continuous tray mechanical harvesting method. Such agents might also enable mechanical harvest of table and wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), but few agents are known to be effective for grape. Thus, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and six other compounds known to stimulate abscission of other fruits were screened for their ability to reduce FDF of mature ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes. Most compounds tested reduced FDF to some extent, but MeJA was particularly effective. Solutions containing between 45 and 4500 ppm MeJA reduced FDF by at least 50% to 85% compared with nontreated fruits. Application of 2250 and 4500 ppm MeJA to ‘Thompson Seedless’ vines caused 25% to 50% fruit drop, respectively, within 10 d after treatment (DAT). The efficacy of MeJA was verified in a second experiment in which solutions of 0, 1125, 2250, or 4500 ppm MeJA were applied to clusters of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes; at 14 DAT, FDF declined as a linear function of MeJA applied. The grapes did not abscise, but berries treated with 2250 to 4500 ppm MeJA had slightly lower soluble solids than nontreated fruits. Solutions of 0 or 4500 ppm MeJA applied to clusters of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Merlot’ grapevines reduced FDF by 66% and 75%, respectively. Fruit drop was estimated to be less than 10%. Thus, a solution containing up to 4500 ppm MeJA may be an effective abscission agent to facilitate mechanical harvest of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ or ‘Merlot’.


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Ayu Vidya Putri ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Ame Suciati Setiawan

Pendahuluan: Kismis Thompson seedless raisin (Vitis vinifera sultanina) mengandung fruktosa dan glukosa yang dapat meningkatkan rangsang manis. Rangsang manis akan meningkatkan sekresi saliva yang berpengaruh pada pH saliva. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan pH saliva sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental semu dengan analisis statistik uji Wilcoxon. Jumlah sampel 38 mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran berusia 18-24 tahun. Pengukuran pH saliva dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata pH saliva sebelum mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin adalah 6,87 dan sesudah mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin adalah 7,20. Analisis statistik menunjukan peningkatan pH saliva yang  bermakna (p-value < 0,05) antara sebelum dan sesudah mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin. Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan nilai pH saliva sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin.Kata kunci: Kismis Thompson seedless raisin, pH saliva. ABSTRACT Introduction: Thompson seedless raisin (Vitis vinifera sultanina) contains fructose and glucose which can increase sweet stimulation bud. Sweet stimulation will increase salivary secretion which affects the salivary pH. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the salivary pH before and after consumption of Thompson seedless raisin. Methods: This research type was quasi-experimental research with Wilcoxon test statistical analysis. The number of samples was as much as 38 dentistry students from Universitas Padjadjaran aged 18 – 24-years-old. Measurement of the salivary pH was performed before and after consuming Thompson seedless raisin. Result: The average value of salivary pH before consuming Thompson seedless raisin was 6.87 and after consuming Thompson seedless raisin was 7.20. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the salivary pH (p-value < 0.05) before and after consuming Thompson seedless raisin. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the salivary pH value before and after consumption of Thompson seedless raisin.Keywords : Thompson seedless raisins, salivary pH.


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