Placental endocrine function is altered in obese women in association with changes in placental structure and GDM diagnosis

Placenta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. e9-e10
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Musa ◽  
Esteban Salazar Petres ◽  
Naomi Levitt ◽  
Amanda Sferruzzi-Perri ◽  
Mushi Matjila
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Placental Structure

scholarly journals Exercise training and diet-induced weight loss increase markers of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis and reduce serum total BA concentrations in obese women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Mercer ◽  
Adrianna Maurer ◽  
Lindsay Pack ◽  
Kikumi D Ono-Moore ◽  
Beverly J. Spray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fasting Serum

Regular exercise has profound metabolic influence on the liver, but effects on bile acid (BA) metabolism are less well known. BAs are synthesized exclusively in the liver from cholesterol via the rate-limiting enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). BAs contribute to the solubilization and absorption of lipids and serve as important signaling molecules, capable of systemic endocrine function. Circulating BAs increase with obesity and insulin resistance, but effects following exercise and diet induced weight loss are unknown. To test if improvements in fitness and weight loss as a result of exercise training enhance BA metabolism, we measured serum concentrations of total BAs (conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary BAs) in sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women (N=11) before (PRE) and after (POST) a ~14 wk exercise and diet-induced weight loss intervention. BAs were measured in serum collected after an overnight fast and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum FGF19 (a regulator of BA synthesis) and 7-alpha-hydroxy-cholesten-3-one (C4, a marker of CYP7A1 enzymatic acitivity) also were measured. Using linear mixed-model analyses and the change in V̇O2peak (mL/min/kg) as a covariate, we observed that exercise and weight loss intervention decreased total fasting serum BA by ~30% (P =0.001) and increased fasting serum C4 concentrations by 55% (P=0.004). C4 was significantly correlated with serum total BAs only in the POST condition while serum FGF19 was unchanged. These data indicate that a fitness and weight loss intervention modifies BA metabolism in obese women and suggest that improved metabolic health associates with higher postabsorptive (fasting) BA synthesis. Furthermore, pre- vs. post-intervention patterns of serum C4 following an OGTT support the hypothesis that responsiveness of BA synthesis to postprandial inhibition is improved after exercise and weight loss.

Risk of Incontinence Increased in Obese Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
KERRI WACHTER
Keyword(s):  
Obese Women

Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habib Yarizadeh ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Caroline Roberts ◽  
Mir Saeed Yekaninejad ◽  
Khadijeh Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Patterns

Abstract. Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = −0.00, 95% CI = −49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI −41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the “USFA-vit E” pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.

Weight loss "maintainers" vs. "regainers": Posttreatment physical activity facilitates weight maintenance in obese women

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee T. Degener ◽  
Melissa H. Laitner ◽  
Danielle M. Lespinasse ◽  
Kristen E. Medina ◽  
Stacey N. Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Obese Women

Metformin Decreases the High Plasminogen Activator Inhibition Capacity, Plasma Insulin and Triglyceride Levels in Non-Diabetic Obese Subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph Vague ◽  
I Juhan-Vague ◽  
M C Alessi ◽  
C Badier ◽  
J Valadier
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Obese Subjects

SummaryWe have previously observed a positive correlation between Plasminogen Activator Inhibition capacity (PA Inhibition), Body Mass Index (BMI) and plasma insulin levels in a population of non diabetic subjects. The anti diabetic biguanide Metformin which decreases insulin resistance has been reported to increase the blood fibrinolytic activity. Therefore we have studied the effect of Metformin on PA Inhibition levels in obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Eighteen obese women (O) (BMI: 31.4 ± 1.13, m ± S.E.M.) were compared to age matched controls (C) (BMI: 20.2 ± 0.8) and randomized to a 15 days treatment by Metformin (M) (1.7 g/day) or placebo (P) in a double blind study while on a weight maintaining diet. O compared to C had higher levels (m ± S.E.M.) of PA Inhibition (9 ± 1.8 IU/ml, versus 2.88 ± 0.29 p <0.01), lower euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (EFA) (4.95 ±1.17 mm versus 9 ± 0.29 p <0.05), higher plasma insulin (24.1 ±2.1. uU/ml), versus 12 ± 1 p <0.01) and triglyceride (1.32 ± 0.16 mmol/1, versus 0.8 ± 0.08 p <0.05). After 15 days of treatment, in group M a significant decrease in PA Inhibition (5.51 ± 1.4, versus 9.48 ±2.1 p <0.05) in plasma insulin (18.5 ±0.1, versus 24.5 ± 3.5, p <0.05) and plasma triglyceride (1.08 ± 0.1, versus 1.47 ± 0.3 p <0.05) and an increase in EFA (6.50 ± 0.28, versus 5.25 ± 0.35 p <0.05) were observed. No significant variation was observed in group P.

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